HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION FOR KAZAKH MINORITY IN MONGOLIA: A CASE STUDY OF BAYAN-ULGII PROVINCE

Ayauli Yerlan, Javzandulam Batsaikhan

Abstract


Globally, the Kazakh population numbers approximately 19–20 million, with an estimated 120,000–130,000 residing in Mongolia. The historical development of Kazakh education in Mongolia has evolved through distinct institutional phases. The first phase (1921–1940) marked the initial transition from traditional religious schooling to a modern secular educational system, establishing the fundamental right of ethnic minorities to be educated in their native language. The second phase (1940–1990) began with the establishment of Bayan-Olgii province, which provided the historical prerequisites for an independent educational structure, characterized by structured language policies and the systematic training of indigenous professional cadres. The third phase, from 1990 onward, introduced structural transformations within the educational sector driven by the transition to a market economy. This historical trajectory demonstrates that while the education of the Kazakh ethnic group conforms to the unified legal and regulatory frameworks of Mongolia, it simultaneously retains its distinct linguistic and cultural heritage, thereby conceptualizing a unique "mosaic model." By comprehensively analyzing the historical evolution and current state of Kazakh education, this study aims to scientifically identify pressing challenges and propose practical solutions to enhance the future outlook of the regional educational sector.


Keywords


education, historical development, ethnic minority, mosaic model, language policy

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References


Abdikerim, A. (1989). Public education in Bayan-Olgii. Ulaanbaatar.

Bayan-Olgii Province Archive Department. Fund 1, Inventory 1, Archival File 353.

Constitution of Mongolia. (1992). Article 8. Retrieved from https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mongolia_2001

Institute of Philosophy, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Bayan-Olgii Branch. (2020). Research report on the social condition of Mongolian Kazakhs. Bayan-Olgii.

Issues of ethnic minority rights. (2018). Ulaanbaatar.

National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia. (2009). Report compilation. Ulaanbaatar. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/06/07/mongolia_2.pdf




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v13i10.7042

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