CONFLICT-RELATED TRAUMA AND LEARNERS ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SENIOR SCHOOLS IN KERIO VALLEY, KENYA / LE TRAUMATISME LIÉ AUX CONFLITS ET LA PERFORMANCE DES APPRENANTS AUX ÉVALUATIONS DANS LES ÉCOLES SECONDAIRES PUBLIQUES DE LA VALLÉE DE KERIO, AU KENYA
Abstract
Recurrent cattle rustling in Kenya’s Kerio Valley exposed learners to fear, bereavement and persistent insecurity, yet local evidence rarely isolated how education-related manifestations of trauma related to school assessment. This study examined the influence of conflict-related trauma on learners’ assessment performance in public senior schools in Kerio Valley Sub-County. A convergent mixed-methods design combined questionnaires from 215 learners and 61 class teachers with interviews involving five principals, five parents, two chiefs and three sub-county officials, alongside a review of selected school records. Learners rated six non-diagnostic manifestations of trauma and two indicators of assessment performance on five-point scales. Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression were used for the quantitative strand, while interview and documentary evidence were analysed thematically and integrated during interpretation. Anxiety or fear was reported by 88.3% of learners, difficulty remembering learning by 87.4%, difficulty concentrating by 83.6%, loss-related distress by 82.3%, fear or tension by 80.8% and troubled behaviour by 78.5%. Teachers corroborated the pattern: all reported learner anxiety or fear, while 96.7% reported reduced concentration or memory and withdrawal or irritability. For 207 complete learner cases, the trauma composite significantly predicted poorer assessment performance, F(1, 205) = 52.62, p < .001, R² = .204, adjusted R² = .200. Interviews and school records linked recurring fear and bereavement to weak concentration, absenteeism, reduced classroom participation and inadequate examination preparation. The findings indicated an educational pathway rather than a clinical diagnosis. Schools in recurrently insecure areas should combine security and continuity measures with trauma-sensitive counselling, teacher referral procedures, catch-up instruction and systematic monitoring of attendance and assessment trends.
Les épisodes récurrents de vol de bétail dans la vallée de Kerio au Kenya ont exposé les apprenants à la peur, au deuil et à une insécurité persistante, bien que les données locales isolent rarement la manière dont les manifestations de traumatisme liées à l'éducation influencent les évaluations scolaires. Cette étude a examiné l'influence des traumatismes liés aux conflits sur la performance des apprenants aux évaluations dans les écoles secondaires publiques du sous-comté de la vallée de Kerio. Un devis de méthodes mixtes convergent a combiné des questionnaires auprès de 215 apprenants et de 61 enseignants de classe avec des entretiens impliquant cinq principaux, cinq parents, deux chefs et trois fonctionnaires de sous-comté, ainsi qu'un examen de dossiers scolaires sélectionnés. Les apprenants ont évalué six manifestations non diagnostiques de trauma et deux indicateurs de performance aux évaluations sur des échelles en cinq points. Des statistiques descriptives et une régression linéaire simple ont été utilisées pour le volet quantitatif, tandis que les données d'entretiens et documentaires ont été analysées thématiquement et intégrées lors de l'interprétation. L'anxiété ou la peur a été signalée par 88,3 % des apprenants, la difficulté à mémoriser les apprentissages par 87,4 %, la difficulté à se concentrer par 83,6 %, la détresse liée aux pertes par 82,3 %, la peur ou la tension par 80,8 % et les comportements troublés par 78,5 %. Les enseignants ont corroboré cette tendance : tous ont signalé l'anxiété ou la peur des apprenants, tandis que 96,7 % ont signalé une concentration ou une mémoire réduite ainsi qu'un repli ou une irritabilité. Pour 207 dossiers complets d'apprenants, le composite de trauma a prédit de manière significative une moins bonne performance aux évaluations, $F(1, 205) = 52,62$, $p < 0,001$, $R^2 = 0,204$, $R^2$ ajusté $= 0,200$. Les entretiens et les dossiers scolaires ont relié la peur récurrente et le deuil à une faible concentration, à l'absentéisme, à une participation réduite en classe et à une préparation inadéquate aux examens. Les résultats ont indiqué une trajectoire éducative plutôt qu'un diagnostic clinique. Les écoles situées dans des zones d'insécurité récurrente devraient associer des mesures de sécurité et de continuité à des conseils sensibles aux traumatismes, à des procédures d'orientation par les enseignants, à un enseignement de rattrapage et à un suivi systématique de l'assiduité et des tendances des évaluations.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v13i9.7027
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