BALANCING ACTS: EXPLORING THE DUAL ROLES OF MARRIED TEACHERS IN GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED AND DISADVANTAGED AREAS (GIDA)

Carlamae G. Abdon, Jeannet E. Canda

Abstract


The purpose of this qualitative multiple-case research study was to unfold the multifaceted experiences, coping, and insights of educators during the full in-person education, focusing on their narratives and strategies to combat the challenges and opportunities brought about by this educational crisis during the pandemic. There were seven (7) teacher participants utilized in this study using the purposive sampling technique, and each of them underwent an in-depth interview using a semi-structured interview guide to gather data. The study presented a deep exploration of their perspectives and actions. The key findings emerged from the data: unity and collaboration in education, and supporting academically challenged learners through collaboration. The findings highlighted the importance of unity and collaboration within the educational community, the benefits of professional learning communities, interdisciplinary collaboration, mentorship, and fostering a positive school culture. The educational findings also probed strategies employed by teachers to support academically challenged learners during the pandemic and stressed the importance of combined efforts with parents and learner-centric approaches. They recognized the vital role of parents in creating conducive learning environments and emphasized the need for differentiated teaching strategies to accommodate diverse learning styles and abilities. This study would contribute valuable insights into the evolving environment of education during a global crisis. The narratives and experiences shared by educators offer practical implications for enhancing educational practices and resilience in the face of future challenges in the field of education.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


educational management, dual roles, balancing work-life balance, married teachers in GIDA, multiple case, Philippines

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abd Halim, S. N., Mohamad Razali, N. H., Kamaruddin, F. E., Rahmat, A. M., Muda, M. H. N., & Zainodin, A. I. (2025). Modeling work–family conflict among workforces engaged in long-distance relationships: Moderated by emotional quotient. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 12(2), 207–213. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1202.18277

Abou Assali, M., & Al Abdouli, K. (2024). Unleashing the power of teacher’s wellbeing and selfcare. Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.58256/3nrd9d62

Abrea, L. H., & Alforque, J. R. (2024). Teachers' work and family life: Impacts and the need for balance. International Journal of Education, Culture and Society, 1(1), 1–7. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=26121

Aceret, D. M. T., Delos Reyes, M. J. V., Ocampo, A. V., & Valencia, M. J. L. (2022). The senior high school student-mothers in the new normal: Understanding their lived experiences on modular distance learning. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(12), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.12.05

Acheampong, P., & Gyasi, J. F. (2019). Teacher retention: A review of policies for motivating rural basic school teachers in Ghana. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 5(1), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522.2019.51.86.92

Agyapong, B., Brett-MacLean, P., & Burback, L. (2023). Interventions to reduce stress and burnout among teachers: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095625

Ahmad, R., Majeed, S., & Yasmin, F. (2023). Work-family conflict: A study of secondary school teachers. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 4(3), 841–854. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-III)77

Ahn, H. S., Mangulabnan, P. A. T. M., & Lee, J. (2022). Online teaching barriers, motivations, and stress of in-service teachers: Renewed challenges and opportunities with future perspectives. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 21(1), 253–272. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.1.17

Alamri, W. A. (2019). Effectiveness of qualitative research methods: Interviews and diaries. International Journal of English and Cultural Studies, 2(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.11114/ijecs.v2i1.4302

Al-Alawi, A. I., Al-Saffar, E., Almohammed Saleh, Z. H., Alotaibi, H., & Al-Alawi, E. I. (2021). A study of the effects of work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and work-life balance on Saudi female teachers’ performance in the public education sector with job satisfaction as a moderator. Journal of International Women's Studies, 22(1), 486–503. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss1/39

Aldrup, K., Carstensen, B., & Klusmann, U. (2022). Is empathy the key to effective teaching? A systematic review of its association with teacher–student interactions and student outcomes. Educational Psychology Review, 34(3), 1177–1216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09649-y

Algones, C. J. L., Calizo, E. V., & Bauyot, M. M. (2024). Experiences of teachers teaching in far-flung areas of Division of Davao Del Norte: A phenomenological study. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(6), 2790–2802. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.806212

Ancho, I. V., & Bongco, R. T. (2019). Exploring Filipino teachers’ professional workload. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education, 9(2), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol9.no2.2.2019

Ansley, B. M., Houchins, D. E., Varjas, K., Roach, A., Patterson, D., & Hendrick, R. (2021). The impact of an online stress intervention on burnout and teacher efficacy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103251

Autor, E. A. (2024). Quality of pedagogic strategies in teaching multigrade classes in the Division of Quezon. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 22(6), 675–696. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12802992

Aquino, J. M., Culajara, C. J., & Culajara, J. P. (2023). Examining the work-life balance of teacher-parents in one secondary school in the Philippines. European Journal of Pedagogy and Innovation, 10(2), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.53840/ejpi.v10i2.118

Arabis, J. P. (2023). An exploration of English teachers' instructional communities of practice: A multiple case study. International Journal of Education and Teaching Zone, 4(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.57092/ijetz.v4i1.347

Bakker, A. B., & de Vries, J. D. (2021). Job demands–resources theory and self-regulation: New explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 34(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1797695

Balica, A., & Nijkamp, P. (2019). Integrated approaches to educational development in remote and vulnerable communities: The role of multi-sector partnerships. Sustainability, 11(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154170

Baluyos, G. R., Rivera, H. L., & Baluyos, E. L. (2019). Teachers’ job satisfaction and work performance. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 7(8), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2019.78015

Baraquia, L. G. (2022). Teachers' coping strategies with the challenges in the Department of Education: A phenomenological study. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4504013

Basinang, J. (2025). Multi-tasking and work performance of public elementary school teachers. Nexus International Journal of Science and Education, 2(1), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15346942

Baynosa, A. C., Arcenas, R. A., Nemenzo, G. L., Dejalde, D. G., Jaron, W. B., Fortuna, A. S., & Gatucao, R. J. M. (2024). Resilience and challenges in last-mile schools: A phenomenological study of teachers’ experiences in Negros Occidental. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2024.1108062

Bayucot, H. L., & Grana, L. B. (2019). A generational perspective of the determinants of work life balance of secondary school teachers in Gingoog City Division: Basis for a teacher wellness initiative. Randwick International Journal of Education and Linguistics Science, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v5i2.1001

Beduya, P. M. L., & Bacasmot, J. B. (2024). Teachers with ancillary roles: A phenomenology of multitasking in public schools. International Journal of Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Engineering, 3(11), 6. https://doi.org/10.58806/ijirme.2024.v3i11n06

Ben Amotz, R., Green, G., Joseph, G., Levi, S., Manor, N., Ng, K., Barak, S., Hutzler, Y., & Tesler, R. (2022). Remote teaching, self-resilience, stress, professional efficacy, and subjective health among Israeli PE teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education Sciences, 12(6), 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12060405

Bissessar, C. (2022). The role of virtual community of practice in alleviating social and professional isolation during emergency remote teaching. Equity in Education & Society, 1(1), 114-125. https://doi.org/10.1177/27526461211068512

Borreba, L., & Potane, J. (2024). The mediating effects of work-life balance on the relationship between school heads' leadership practices and teachers' work satisfaction. Journal of Innovative Practices, 4(2), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.69569/jip.2024.0048

Brasfield, M. W., Lancaster, C., & Xu, Y. J. (2019). Wellness as a mitigating factor for teacher burnout. Journal of Education, 199(3), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022057419864525

Braun, S. S., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Roeser, R. W. (2020). Effects of teachers' emotion regulation, burnout, and life satisfaction on student well-being. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101151

Brunsting, N. C., Bettini, E., & Rock, M. L. (2021). Burnout of special educators serving students with emotional–behavioral disorders: A longitudinal study. Remedial and Special Education, 43(3), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325211030562

Burke, P. F., & Buchanan, J. (2022). What attracts teachers to rural and remote schools? Incentivising teachers’ employment choices in New South Wales. Australian Journal of Education, 66(3), 294–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/00049441211066357

Burić, I., Slišković, A., & Penezić, Z. (2019). A two-wave panel study on teachers' emotions and emotional-labor strategies. Stress and Health, 35(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2836

Calandri, E., Mastrokoukou, S., Marchisio, C., Monchietto, A., & Graziano, F. (2025). Teacher emotional competence for inclusive education: A systematic review. Behavioral Sciences, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030359

Caga, G., & Avelino, I. (2022). Job demands and job resources as predictors to burnout among teachers during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 11(7), 149–181. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2022.325

Chang, M.-L., & Gaines, R. E. (2022). Effects of autonomy support and emotion regulation on teacher burnout in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.846290

Cammayo, P. M. T., Aquino, C. S., & Gomez, M. G. (2023). Factors predicting stress and burnout of Filipino teachers engaged in remote learning. Philippine Journal of Labor and Industrial Relations, 39. https://doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.9397

Carballo, J. P., & Quines, L. A. (2022). The mediating effect of adaptive behavior of teachers on the relationship between resilience and job performance. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i4.613

Caringal-Go, J. F., Mactal, M. T. D., Cruz, C. M. Y. O., & Ramos, R. E. V. R. (2025). Enhancing work–life balance in hybrid work arrangements in the Philippines: A qualitative study on employee crafting behaviors and human resources support. International Perspectives in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000126

Carreon, T., Rotas, E., Cahapay, M., Garcia, K., Amador, R., & Anoba, J. L. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and remote teaching burnout of Filipino K to 12 teachers. IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, (15), 552–567. https://doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.5853

Casingal, C. D., & Ancho, I. V. (2021). Financial literacy challenges: The case of Filipino public-school teachers. Journal Aplikasi Manajemen, 19(4), 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2021.019.04.02

Castro, F. L. T., Ventura, B. L. O., Estajal, R. S., Timpangco‑Macario, J., Limen, M. V., Garil, B. A., & Chavez, J. V. (2019). Teachers handling multiple subject areas: Difficulties and adaptive attributes in the delivery of instructions. ESP World, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v9i9.2520

Chakravorty, A., & Singh, P. (2021). Burnout among primary government school teachers: The mediating role of work–family conflict. Journal of Human Values, 27(2), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820953989

Chikopela, R., Chitundu, D., & Mpolomoka, D. L. (2020). Perceptions on teachers in commuter marriages. Chalimbana University Multidisciplinary Journal of Research, 1(2), 80–87. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343417333

Chinawa, F. C., Anike, R. U., Ekwo, J. C., Omeje, O., Douglas, J. U., Ugwu, C. G., Nwatu, A. C., Madike, E. N., Nzekwe, I. M., & Eze, B. E. (2024). The moderating role of resilience in the relationship between marital stress and depression. GPH-International Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792633

Chigona, A., & Chetty, R. (2020). Community engagement and partnerships for enhancing teacher retention in rural schools. International Journal of Educational Development, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102215

Corbett, L., Phongsavan, P., Okely, A. D., Bauman, A., & Peralta, L. R. (2021). Teachers’ experience, needs and recommendations for promoting their health and wellbeing in Australia: A reflexive thematic analysis. The Australian Educational Researcher. Advance Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/00049441211003429

Corbett, L., Phongsavan, P., Okely, A. D., Peralta, L. R., & Bauman, A. (2024). Lifestyle and work-related correlates of psychosocial health among Australian teachers: A cross-sectional study. Health Promotion International, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daad192

Comora, C. M. G., & Oco, R. M. (2025). Stress level and resilience of selected public elementary school teachers in the District of Naawan, Misamis Oriental. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 8(4), 785–792. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v8-i04-57

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (5th ed., 304 pp.). SAGE Publications. https://edge.sagepub.com/creswellrd5e

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications. http://surl.li/gyvjzx

Crispino, E. Y., & Moyani Jr., G. C. (2022). Professional developmental needs of teachers. Polaris Global Journal of Scholarly Research and Trends, 2(4), Article 89. https://doi.org/10.58429/pgjsrt.v2n4a89

Cruickshank, V. (2019). How do Australian male primary teachers cope with social isolation in their schools? Education 3-13, 48(6), 690–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2019.1645191

Dagdeviren Ertas, B. (2024). Investigation of factors determining work-life balance of female teachers. International Journal of Education, Culture and Society, 1(1), 2098–2115. https://ijoeec.com/Makaleler/812410263_6.%202098-2115%20Behiye%20Da%C4%9Fdeviren%20Erta%C5%9F.pdf

David, C. C., Albert, J. R. G., & Vizmanos, J. F. V. (2019). Pressures on public school teachers and implications on quality (Policy Note No. 2019-01). Philippine Institute for Development Studies. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidspn1901.pdf

Dayal, H. C., & Tiko, L. (2020). When are we going to have the real school? A case study of early childhood education and care teachers’ experiences surrounding education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 45(4), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1836939120966085

De Leon, R. C., & Dizon, A. M. (2024). Synthesizing profiles of public-school teachers for an informed strategic work-life balance. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 9(3S), 438–450. https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-9-issue-3s/438-450.pdf

De Vera García, M. I. V., & Gambarte, M. I. G. (2019). Resilience as a protective factor of chronic stress in teachers. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 9(3), 159–175. https://doi.org/10.30552/ejihpe.v9i3.332

Delavin, E. A., & Dumaguin, I. M. L. (2022). Work-life balance of couple DepEd teachers in the new normal: A phenomenological study. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(10), 1885–1896. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.10.18

Delavin, E. A., & Pogoy, A. M. (2023). Work–life balance of married female teachers during pandemic in the Philippines: A Qualitative Metaphorical Analysis. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4(3), 784–791. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.03.11

Delanoeije, J., Verbruggen, M., & Germeys, L. (2019). Boundary role transitions: A day-to-day approach to explain the effects of home-based telework on work-to-home conflict and home-to-work conflict. Human Relations, 72(12), 1843–1868. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718823071

Delos Trinos, J. P. C. R., Wulandari, L. P. L., Clarke, N. E., Belizario, V. Y., Kaldor, J. M., & Vaz Nery, S. (2021). Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis before and after preventive chemotherapy initiation in the Philippines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010026

Del Rosario, A. G., & Galang, C. P. (2023). Thriving amidst the pandemic: Examining the lived experiences of work-from-home Filipino teachers. International Journal of Social Learning, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v2i1.46

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Peeters, M. C. W., & Breevaart, K. (2021). New directions in burnout research: A job demands–resources perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(5‑6), 686–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.1979962

Diaz Lema, M. L., Rossi, L., & Soncin, M. (2023). Teaching away from school: Do school digital support influence teachers’ well-being during COVID-19 emergency? Large-scale Assessments in Education, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-023-00159-7

Dlamini, J., Du Plessis, A. R., & Markham, L. (2023). Staffing and retention challenges of teachers in rural schools of Eswatini: The case of the Lubombo region. Journal of Education and Human Development, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/09730052221084767

Dong, X., Guo, X., Fu, Y., & Fu, T. (2025). Impact of work–family conflict on work engagement among female university teachers: Evidence from China. PLOS ONE, 20(3), e0319785. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319785

Du Plessis, P., & Mestry, R. (2019). The principal as an instructional leader in quintile 1 primary schools in Soweto. South African Journal of Education, 39(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v39n3a1727

Dwivedi, P., Misangyi, V. F., & Joshi, A. (2021). “Burnt by the spotlight”: How leadership endorsements impact the longevity of female leaders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(12), 1885–1906. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000871

Einav, M., Confino, D., Geva, N., & Shimoni, T. (2024). Teachers’ burnout: The role of social support, gratitude, hope, entitlement and loneliness. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 9, 827–849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-024-00154-5

Elahi, N. S., Abid, G., Contreras, F., & Aldeanueva, I. (2022). Work–family and family–work conflict and stress in times of COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.951149

Eloor, A. G., & Menon, S. D. (2024). The work-life balance of teachers: A review. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 10(1), 211–214. https://doi.org/10.33545/26648792.2024.v6.i1a.125

Embargo, R. R. E., & Ucang, J. T. (2025). Coping strategies of public school teachers in addressing professional development demands. Science International Journal, 13(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.17311/sciintl.2025.13.20

Emeljanovas, A., Sabaliauskas, S., Mežienė, B., & Istomina, N. (2023). The relationships between teachers’ emotional health and stress coping. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1276431. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1276431

Epelle, P. A., Uzakah, C. F., & Beracah, E. T. (2025). Managing work‑life balance and married teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 9(3), 1262–1273. https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.90300098

Erden, A., Erden, H., & Aytaç, T. (2023). Teachers’ well-being levels by gender and marital status: A meta-analysis study. Asian Journal of Instruction (E-AJI), 11(1st International Positive Schools & Well-Being Congress Special Issue), 38–60. https://doi.org/10.47215/aji.1304646

Fabrigas, E. J. A., & Paglinawan, J. L. (2025). Beyond the classroom: Challenges and resilience of teachers in remote schools. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Studies, 10(4), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.90400464

Falecki, D., & Mann, E. (2021). Practical applications for building teacher well-being in education. In C. F. Mansfield (Ed.), Cultivating teacher resilience (pp. 197–212). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5963-1_11

Fathayatih, S., Sariyatun, & Yamtinah, S. (2023). Teacher resilience during the pandemic. KnE Social Sciences, 8(2), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i2.12750

Fatima, M., & Rehman, S. (2020). Relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction of female teachers of universities. Global Regional Review, 5(2), 206–214. https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).22

Fatima, N. un N., Lela, U. I., & Khan, S. (2024). The impact of teacher’s empathy on students’ self-compassion: An evidence-based intervention study. Annals of Human and Social Sciences, 5(2), 401–412. https://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2024(5-II)38

Felix, P. A., Faure Walker, J. M., & Crawford, A. (2020). A method for determining the suitability of schools as evacuation shelters and aid distribution hubs following disasters: Case study from Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Natural Hazards, 102(1), 185–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04380-3

Finch, J. E., Akhavein, K., Patwardhan, I. N., & Clark, C. A. C. (2023). Teachers' self‑efficacy and perceptions of school climate are uniquely associated with students’ externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 85, 101512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101512

Flores, R. D., Filomeno, R. B., Landawe, S. A., Salcedo, J. F., & Solis, J. M. (2023). Assessing financial freedom among teachers in the new normal. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 17(3), 46–65. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJARR/2023/V17I3473

Gade, L., & Yeo, H. L. (2019). Work–life integration and time management strategies. Clinical Colon and Rectal Surgery, 32(6), 442–449. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693011

Gadermann, A. M., Gagné Petteni, M., Molyneux, T. M., Warren, M. T., Thomson, K. C., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Guhn, M., & Oberle, E. (2023). Teacher mental health and workplace well-being in a global crisis: Learning from the challenges and supports identified by teachers one year into the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada. PLOS ONE, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290230

Galapon, A., & Bool, N. C. (2022). Effects of financial literacy and financial behavior on the financial well-being of teachers in higher education institutions in Region 1, Philippines. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 11(9), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i9.2188

Gallego, M. K. F. (2024). School climate and burnout among mathematics teachers as basis for teacher empowerment action plan: A convergent parallel design. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 3(4), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v3i4.2849

Galut, M. N. A. (2025). Surviving in the trails: Teacher’s lived experiences in remote areas. Frontiers in Sociology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1456269

Gamuza, R. A., Lachica, R. L., & Bautista, M. A. (2025). Teachers’ self‑efficacy and performance: Implication to enhancement program. Philippine E‑Journals, 10(8). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15647894

García-Martínez, I., Tadeu, P., Montenegro-Rueda, M., & Fernández-Batanero, J. M. (2022). Networking for online teacher collaboration. Interactive Learning Environments, 30(9), 1736–1750. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1764057

Gearhart, C. A., & Blaydes, M. (2022). Barriers to and facilitators for teachers’ well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.867433

Geverola, I. J. R., Cayao, R., Siason, L. B., & Bonotan, A. (2022). Challenges and struggles of public senior high school science teachers during the new normal. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol12.1.4.2022

Granero-Gallegos, A., Baños, R., & Baena-Extremera, A. (2020). Analysis of misbehaviors and satisfaction with school in secondary education according to student gender and teaching competence. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00063

Granziera, H., Collie, R. J., & Martin, A. J. (2021). Understanding teacher well-being through job demands-resources theory. In C. F. Mansfield (Ed.), Cultivating teacher resilience (pp. 265–281). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5963-1_14

Gupta, C. K., Khattri, B., Garg, M., & Nasser, K. (2021). Work–family conflict among married teachers of urban Meerut. International Journal of Research and Review, 8(6), 290–296. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210636

Guy, B., & Arthur, B. (2020). Academic motherhood during COVID‑19: Navigating our dual roles as educators and mothers. Gender, Work & Organization, 27(5), 887–899. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12493

He, L., & Cui, J. (2024). Modeling virtual learning communities for teacher online education. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Internet Technology and Educational Informatization (ITEI 2023) (pp. 154–159). EAI. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-11-2023.2343536

Hermann, M. A., Haskins, N., Neale-McFall, C., Ziomek-Daigle, J., & Eckart, E. (2020). Counselor educator mothers: Work-life enrichment and occupational satisfaction. Adultspan Journal, 19(2), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsp.12097

Hermann, M. A., Gorlewski, J., Brookover, D., Walsh, R., Kozachuk, L., Deitz, M., & Ciminelli, E. (2020). Policy, practice, and parenthood: a study of teacher mothers. Educational Studies, 49(1), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1834358

Hermann, M. A., Gorlewski, J., Brookover, D., Walsh, R., Kozachuk, L., Deitz, M., & Ciminelli, E. (2023). Policy, practice, and parenthood: A study of teacher mothers. Educational Studies, 49(1), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1834358

Heuser, C., Schneider, J. N., Heier, L., Ernstmann, N., Nakata, H., Petermann-Meyer, A., Bremen, R., Karger, A., Icks, A., Brümmendorf, T. H., & Geiser, F. (2024). Family resilience of families with parental cancer and minor children: A qualitative analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1251049

Holzer, J., Grützmacher, L., Lüftenegger, M., & Schober, B. (2024). Shedding light on relations between teacher emotions, instructional behavior, and student school well-being: Evidence from disadvantaged schools. Learning and Instruction, 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101926

Hong, Z. (2023). Strategies for enhancing the resilience of rural teachers from the perspective of Chinese rural school principals, in the post‑pandemic period. Environment and Social Psychology, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.54517/esp.v8i3.1963

Hong, X., Liu, Q., & Zhang, M. (2021). Dual stressors and female pre-school teachers' job satisfaction during COVID-19: The mediation of work-family conflict. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.691498

Hosain, M. S. (2025). The dilemma of work–family balance for dual‑career couples with children: Qualitative evidence from Bangladesh based on Family Systems Theory. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 33(1), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-11-2023-4096

Huang, H., Liu, Y., & Su, Y. (2020). What is the relationship between empathy and mental health in preschool teachers: The role of teaching experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01366

Isip, M., Alcantara, J., Koh, A., & Serrano, J. P. (2023). Experiences of teachers in upland schools: A phenomenological study. International Journal of Teaching and Education Sciences, 5(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370345039_Experiences_of_Teachers_in_Upland_Schools_A_Phenomenological_Study

Ito, Y. (2023). Examining a technology-focused language teacher community on Facebook during a crisis situation. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00159-0

Jaber, L. Z., Davidson, S. G., & Metcalf, A. (2024). I loved seeing how their brains worked!—Examining the role of epistemic empathy in responsive teaching. Journal of Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224871231187313

Jalon, C. G. (2024). Accomplishing the dual roles of being a teacher and a district coordinator: A phenomenological study. International Journal of Scientific Research, 13(1), 151–156. https://eprajournals.com/IJSR/article/15186

Jamian, L. S., Nazir, M. S. M., Sidhu, G. K., & Othman, K. (2020). Multitasking and job satisfaction amongst secondary school teachers at the district of Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. Social and Management Research Journal, 17(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.24191/smrj.v17i1.8143

Jones, A. L., & Kessler, M. A. (2020). Teachers' emotion and identity work during a pandemic. Frontiers in Education, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.583775

Karakus, M., Toprak, M., & Chen, J. (2024). Demystifying the impact of educational leadership on teachers’ subjective well-being: A bibliometric analysis and literature review. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432241242629

Kavanagh, K., DeWaters, J., Rivera, S., Richards, M., Ramsdell, M., & Galluzzo, B. (2022). A university–community partnership model to support rural STEM teaching and student engagement. Theory & Practice in Rural Education, 12(2), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.3776/tpre.2022.v12n2p229-248

Kim, L. E., & Asbury, K. (2020). ‘Like a rug had been pulled from under you’: The impact of COVID‐19 on teachers in England during the first six weeks of the UK lockdown. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(4), 1062–1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12381

Kingsford-Smith, A. A., Collie, R. J., Loughland, T., & Nguyen, H. T. M. (2023). Teacher wellbeing in rural, regional, and metropolitan schools: Examining resources and demands across locations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 132, 104229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104229

Koçak, O., Yavuz, K., & Yıldırım, M. (2024). Mediating roles of burnout and work–life balance in the relationships between COVID-19 anxiety and life satisfaction among Filipino teachers working remotely. European Journal of Education, 59(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12708

Kotsou, I., Mikolajczak, M., Heeren, A., Grégoire, J., & Leys, C. (2019). Improving emotional intelligence: A systematic review of existing work and future challenges. Emotion Review, 11(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917735902

Laaboudi, D. (2021). Struggling to balance career and family: The case of married female English Teachers in Morocco. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies, 1, 5-26. https://journals.imist.ma/index.php/contemporarymedusa/article/view/1660

Lagmay, E. A. D., & Rodrigo, M. M. T. (2022). The impact of extreme weather on student online learning participation. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 17(1), Article 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-022-00201-2

Lariosa, E. J. I., Diendo, M. P., & Espinosa, F. (2022). Lived experiences of teachers in far-flung schools. International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning, 9(5), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7083128

Li, J. (2024). Work–family conflict, optimism, and job satisfaction among teachers in Chinese private middle schools. Advances in Social Behavior Research, 10, 49–53. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7102/10/2024093

Li, N., Ni, X., & Zhang, W. (2024). The relationship between work–family conflict and job burnout among primary and secondary school teachers: the role of depression and cognitive reappraisal. Journal of Affective Disorders, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236713

Li, X., Lin, X., Zhang, F., & Tian, Y. (2021). Playing roles in work and family: Effects of work/family conflicts on job and life satisfaction among junior high school teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772025

Mabuan, R. A. (2020). MOOCs and MOOC camps for online teacher professional development: Experiences and perspectives from the Philippines. In Online Education for Teachers of English as a Global Language (pp. 80–104). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429264900-6

MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the COVID-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlates of stress and well-being. System, 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102352

Made, N., Dharma, A., Utami, I., Gd, L., & Budiarta, R. (2023). An Investigation of teachers’ roles in remote teaching context. International Journal of Language and Literature. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijll.v7i1.61103.

Magtalas, S. A., & Eduvala, J. C. (2024). Teacher’s workload in relation to burnout and work performance. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(10), 4111–4123. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.10.24

Malquisto, I. R., Casinillo, L. F., & Salabao, A. A. (2023). Burnout among secondary teachers amid the new normal: Case in Ormoc City, Philippines. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education, 13(2), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol13.12.2.2023

Manalo, A. S., & Velasco, C. Q. (2024). Balancing act: Investigating the work-life equilibrium of public elementary school teachers. International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Management Research, 3(5), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.58806/ijsshmr.2024.v3i5n09

Maphosa, C., & Shumba, A. (2010). Teachers' challenges in implementing a learner's code of conduct for positive discipline in schools. Educational Research and Reviews, 5(9), 531-539. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2010.1133

Mármol, A. D. (2019). Dimensions of teachers’ work–life balance and school commitment: Basis for policy review. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(1), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.54476/iimrj416

Martinsone, B., & Žydžiūnaite, V. (2023). Teachers’ contributions to the school climate and using empathy at work: Implications from qualitative research in two European countries. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1160546

McIlveen, P., Perera, H. N., Baguley, M., van Rensburg, H., Ganguly, R., Jasman, A., & Veskova, J. (2019). Impact of teachers’ career adaptability and family on professional learning. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 47(2), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2018.1444141

Medina, N. I., Mansor, A. N., Abdul Wahab, J. L., & Vikaraman, S. S. (2019). The impact of dual role teaching principals in small schools. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2S9), 1104–1110. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B1128.0982S919

Mopuyang, M. A. G. (2024). Narratives of the teachers in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDA). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12699796

Moreira, A., Esfola, M., Pozuelo, B., Pinto, C., Carvalho, S., & Esteves, J. (2024). Burnout and work–family conflict in Portuguese teachers. Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.32474/SJPBS.2024.07.000275

Morin, A. H. (2020). Teacher support and the social classroom environment as predictors of student loneliness. Social Psychology of Education, 23(6), 1687–1707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-020-09600-z

Mulyani, S., Salameh, A. A., Komariah, A., Timoshin, A., Hashim, N. A. A. N., Fauziah, R. S. P., Mulyaningsih, M., Ahmad, I., & Ul din, S. M. (2021). Emotional regulation as a remedy for teacher burnout in special schools: Evaluating school climate, teacher’s work–life balance, and children’s behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655850

Nadeem, A., Qamar, A. M., & Saqib, M. U. (2025). Relationship between job satisfaction and work–family conflict among female teachers. Journal of Policy Research, 9(1), 264–269. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938983

Naldo, T. R. S., & Ubayubay, R. M. (2024). Cultivating action research culture among teachers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i07-15

Nalla, R. C. (2022). Lived experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of teachers on the current paradigm shift in education: A phenomenological study. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6833377

Niar, S. M. D., & Mahinay, H. M. (2024). Studying of the challenging journeys of teachers with military husbands (case study). International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(12), 353–377. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.8120028

Nilo, J. M., & Guibong, C. (2024, June 7). TRAVEL: A teacher’s breakthrough of work-life balance. Puissant, 5, 2233–2248. https://puissant.stepacademic.net/puissant/article/view/411

Noronha, S., & Aithal, P. S. (2019). Influence of socio-demographic factors on work-life balance among public university teachers in Karnataka. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3488756

Nurmayanti, S., Thoyib, A., Noermijati, & Irawanto, D. W. (2019). Work–family conflict: A review of female teachers in Indonesia. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 6(4), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v6n4p134

Nwankwo, N. N., Otta, F. E., Ogbaga, E., & Ndubuisi, N. (2023). Financial management and communication as predictors of marital cohesion among married secondary school teachers in Anambra State. Journal of Education and Practice, 14(20), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.7176/JEP/14-20-04

Nwoko, J. C., Emeto, T. I., Malau-Aduli, A. E. O., & Malau-Aduli, B. S. (2023). A Systematic review of the factors that influence teachers’ occupational wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(12), 6070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20126070

Oli, I. K. (2024). Teachers’ lived experiences on collaboration in online teacher education: A phenomenological study. Journal of Bhuwanishankar, 2(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.3126/jobs.v2i1.62194

Oliveira, S., Roberto, M. S., Veiga-Simão, A. M., & Marques-Pinto, A. (2021). A meta-analysis of the impact of social and emotional learning interventions on teacher burnout symptoms. Educational Psychology Review, 33(4), 1779–1808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09612-x

Olivo, M. G. (2021). Time management of teachers and its relationship to teaching performance. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Business, 2(5), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.02.05.11

Oyen, K., & Schweinle, A. (2021). Addressing teacher shortages in rural America: What factors help new teachers apply to teach in rural settings?. The Rural Educator, 41(3), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.35608/ruraled.v41i3.923

Ozoemena, L. O., Agbaje, O. S., Ogundu, L., Ononuju, A. H., Umoke, P. C. I., Iweama, C. N., & Kato, G. U. (2021). Psychological distress, burnout, and coping strategies among Nigerian primary school teachers: A school-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12397-x

Pagbilao, S. C., Pfeifer, P. A. T. M., Cainguitan, S. C., Felipe, F. M., Macalling, M. L., Ramiro, C. R., Samoy, H. F., Jr., & Bautista, R. G. (2023). Building a community of practice in a sustained culture of lesson study: The case of Saguday, Philippines. American Journal of Educational Research, 11(12), 783–791. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-11-12-1

Pancho, L. I. (2023). Challenges and coping mechanisms of newly hired teachers assigned in far-flung schools in relation to their performance. Philippine Social Development and Resource Management Journal, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.36292/psdrmj.v5i1.78

Pandoy, L. K. L., Diaz, Z. O. M. H., Salem, K. J. G., Damaso, J. M., Cabaylo, R. M., & Abo, C. P. (2022). Science teachers’ lived experiences and challenges during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Indonesian Journal of Teaching in Science, 2(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijotis.v2i2.49554

Pelingon, K. F. R., Contreras, C. M., & Moreno, E. G. (2024). Self‑efficacy of proficient public secondary school teachers in the Philippines: A sequential explanatory study. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(5), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.05.27

Pepito, J. J., Pepito, V., & Suson, R. (2020). Impact of multitasking on teachers’ performance in public elementary schools. International Journal of Education and Practice, 12(1), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.18488/61.v12i1.3587

Pilos, I. K. H., Cañete, J. J. A., Calugas, Y. F., Ecbat, J. V., Gozon, N. R., Jamito, A. J. N., Nobleza, G. C. E., Ocay, K. O., Pelandas, J. A., Retolla, S. N. F., Tandoc, M. L., Versano, N. S., Clamares, K. J. M., & Pelandas, A. M. O. (2024). Teacher’s burnout and perceived self-efficacy as predictors to classroom management: A quantitative inquiry. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(4), 2757–2771. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.804261

Pogere, E. F., López‑Sangil, M. C., García‑Señorán, M. M., & González, A. (2019). Teachers’ job stressors and coping strategies: Their structural relationship with emotional exhaustion and autonomy support. Teaching and Teacher Education, 85, 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.07.001

Poulsen, T., Leary, H., Daly, A., & Sansom, R. (2024). Uncovering the connections among rural science teachers: A social network analysis. AERA Open, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584241253821

Prenger, R., Poortman, C. L., & Handelzalts, A. (2019). The effects of networked professional learning communities. Journal of Teacher Education, 70(5), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487117753574

Pressley, T. (2021). Factors contributing to teacher burnout during COVID‑19. Educational Researcher, 50(5), 325–330. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X211004138

Quines, L. A., & Arendain, E. I. (2023). Job satisfaction, organizational culture and work-life balance: Structural equation model of organizational commitment among public school teachers. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i9.4971

Quines, L. A., & Saycon, L. J. V. (2019). The mediating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between workplace resilience and teacher professional identity. European Journal of Education Studies, 5(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i6.4865

Rahman, M. S. (2019). Teachers’ peer support: Difference between perception and practice. Teacher Development, 23(2), 121–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2018.1488765

Ramberg, J., Brolin Låftman, S., Åkerstedt, T., & Modin, B. (2019). Teacher stress and students’ school well-being: the Case of Upper Secondary Schools in Stockholm. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 64(6), 816–830. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2019.1623308

Rani, A., & Sharma, S. (2020). Occupational stress in relation to teacher self‑efficacy and spiritual intelligence of women teachers. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 13(4), 2217–2225. https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/13.4/89

Ransom, J. C. (2020). Love, trust, and camaraderie: Teachers’ perspectives of care in an urban high school. Education and Urban Society, 52(6), 904–926. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124519894973

Redding, C., & Nguyen, T. D. (2024). Teacher working conditions and dissatisfaction before and during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Educational Researcher, 53(4). https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X241232657

Rivera, K., & Martin, I. P. (2024). Understanding the work-life balance of female faculty members with young children in a state university. Indonesian Journal of Learning Education and Counseling, 7(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.31960/ijolec.v7i2.2930

Romasanta, M., & Espiritu, M. (2024). Exploring the lived experiences of public elementary school teachers from the remote area of General Luna, Quezon: A phenomenological research. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 27(5), 548–556. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14030852

Rondero, C. P. M. G., & Casupanan, I. H. (2024). Challenges and opportunities in multigrade teaching: Experiences of primary school teachers in far-flung schools. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(12), 5162–5174. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.12.19

Rowland, A. A., Dounas-Frazer, D. R., Ríos, L., Lewandowski, H. J., & Corwin, L. A. (2019). Using the life grid interview technique in science education research. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1903.02386

Sabuero, J. B. (2019). The work–life balance among private secondary school teachers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(7), 2611–2619. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.07.19

Salipot, E. M. V., & Quintana, M. L. F. (2024). Lived experiences of teachers who left the profession: A phenomenological inquiry. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 5(1), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.53378/iarr.924.128

Santiago, C. R. (2023). Sustaining work–life balance of primary school teachers during the ‘new normal’: A Philippine case study. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, 2(2), Article 1257. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajiri.v2i2.1257

Sadeghi, K., & Pourbahram, R. (2024). Exploring factors affecting English language teacher wellbeing: Insights from positive psychology. System, 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103274

Saludar, S. E. S., Cabrales, P. S., Sultan, E. C., & Tan, N. T. (2021). Overcoming obstacles: The lived experiences of MAPEH teachers in geographically challenged high schools in Samar Division. The Disciplinal Area Teachers’ Digest, 1(1), 1–17. https://datd.ssu.edu.ph/index.php/datd/article/view/30

Schlebusch, L., Schlebusch, G., & Matjeane, L. (2023). Fostering resilience in South African township primary school teachers: A qualitative study. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(5), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.5.3

Shaukat, S., Bendixen, L. D., & Ayub, N. (2022). The impact of technostress on teacher educators’ work–family conflict and life satisfaction while working remotely during COVID‑19 in Pakistan. Education Sciences, 12(9), 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12090616

Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2021). Teacher stress and coping strategies—The struggle to stay in control. Creative Education, 12(6), 1273–1295. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.126096

Smith, K., Sheridan, L., Duursma, E., & Alonzo, D. (2025). Teachers’ emotional labour: The joys, demands, and constraints. Teachers and Teaching, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2025.2466560

Sokal, L., Trudel, L. E., & Babb, J. (2020). Supporting teachers in times of change: The role of peer support and flexible work arrangements. Teaching and Teacher Education, 91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103033

Solís García, P., Lago Urbano, R., & Real Castelao, S. (2021). Consequences of COVID-19 confinement for teachers: Family-work interactions, technostress, and perceived organizational support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11259. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111259

Stang-Rabrig, J., Brüggemann, T., Lorenz, R., & McElvany, N. (2022). Teachers’ occupational well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of resources and demands. Teaching and Teacher Education, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103803

Stenman, S., & Pettersson, F. (2020). Remote teaching for equal and inclusive education in rural areas? International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 37(5), 339–350. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-10-2019-0096

Sumbilon, M. R., & Valmorida, J. S. (2023). Teaching strategies, parental involvement, TVL learners’ self-efficacy and performance in modular distance learning. American Journal of Educational Research, 11(10), 658–669. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-11-10-5

Sun, X., Zhou, J., Liu, L. B., & Li, Q. (2024). Teacher resilience development in rural Chinese schools: Patterns and cultural influences. Teaching and Teacher Education, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104656

Suyatno, S., Hasanah, E., Wantini, W., Pambudi, D. I., & Supardi, S. (2021). Meaning in work of Indonesian teachers: A phenomenological research. The Qualitative Report, 26(10), 3189–3213. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4970

Swan, P. (2021). The lived experience of empathic engagement in elementary classrooms: Implications for pedagogy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103324

Szabo, E., & Jagodics, B. (2019). Teacher burnout in the light of workplace, organizational, and social factors. Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 9(3), 539-559. https://doi.org/10.1556/063.9.2019.3.44

Taguinod, A. D. (2021). Lived experience of kindergarten parents in modular distance learning. International Journal of Research and Scientific Excellence, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2021.a042

Talidong, K. J. B., & Toquero, C. M. D. (2020). Philippine teachers’ practices to deal with anxiety amid COVID‑19. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(6–7), 573–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1759225

Tayoni, A. C., & Abocejo, F. T. (2023). The Multigrade Education Program: A policy evaluation. International Journal of Academic Pedagogical Research, 7(1), 16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369370422_The_Multigrade_Education_Program_A_Policy_Evaluation

Telyani, A. E., Farmanesh, P., & Zargar, P. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 instigated changes on loneliness of teachers and motivation–engagement of students: A psychological analysis of education sector. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.765180

Tolibas, M. J., & Morante, L. M. (2019). Beyond the instructional functions of teachers: A phenomenological study. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 1(5). https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i5.765

Tong, Y., Chen, F., & Shu, B. (2019). Spousal migration and married adults’ psychological distress in rural China: The roles of intimacy, autonomy and responsibility. Social Science Research, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.06.003

Torrino, J. A., & Naparan, G. B. (2024). Experiences of teachers in managing dual roles: As a school head and class adviser. Eureka: Journal of Educational Research, 3(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.56773/ejer.v3i1.34

Tran, H., Hardie, S., Gause, S., Moyi, P., & Ylimaki, R. (2020). Managing rural teacher retention: Perspectives from rural educators to inform realistic job previews. The Rural Educator, 41(2), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.35608/ruraled.v41i2.866

Trikoilis, D., & Papanastasiou, E. C. (2021). Investigating the factors associated with teachers’ intentions to utilize research in remote areas of Greece. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.658011

Tudy, R. A., & Tudy, I. G. (2020). Struggles, coping mechanisms, and insights of childless teachers in the Philippines: A descriptive phenomenological approach. The Qualitative Report, 25(5), 1256–1278. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2020.3372

Turner, K., Thielking, M., & Prochazka, N. (2022). Teacher wellbeing and social support: A phenomenological study. Educational Research, 64(1), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2021.2013126

Ucag, M., Gerodias, E., Medel, A. F., & Chua, J. (2024). Navigating educational frontiers: Unweaving the challenges faced by teachers in far-flung schools on Negros Island. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 20(3), 323–330. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11358546

Ujianti, P. R. (2021). Challenges faced by teachers in remote areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science, Humanities, Education and Society Development (ICONS 2021) (pp. 386–391). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210322.073

Varanasi, R. A., Vashistha, A., & Dell, N. (2021). Tag a teacher: A qualitative analysis of WhatsApp-based teacher networks in low-income Indian schools. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–16). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445221

Velmonte, L. (2020). Contributions of cooperatives to the economic development. Cape Comorin, II, 70-76. http://surl.li/yrqukw

Vestal, S. S., Burke, R. S., Browning, L. M., Hasselquist, L., Hales, P. D., Miller, M. L., Nepal, M. P., & White, P. T. (2025). Building Resilience in Rural STEM Teachers Through a Noyce Professional Learning Community. Education Sciences, 15(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15010085

Viac, C., & Fraser, P. (2020). Teachers’ well‑being: A framework for data collection and analysis (OECD Education Working Papers No. 213). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c36fc9d3-en

Villanueva, C. S., & Niguidula, J. D. (2019). Teachers’ extent of using multimedia approach as 21st century instructional practices in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDA). International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 9(8), 564–569. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2019.9.8.1267

Wagner, A., Mosmann, C. P., Scheeren, P., & Levandowski, D. C. (2019). Resolution of conflicts and conjugal satisfaction: A study with Brazilian couples. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 29. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e2919

Wang, T. (2023). Teachers as the agent of change for student mental health: The role of teacher care and teacher support in Chinese students’ well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1283515

Wang, H., Cousineau, C., Wang, B., Zeng, L., Sun, A., Kohrman, E., Li, N., Tok, E., Boswell, M., & Rozelle, S. (2022). Exploring teacher job satisfaction in rural China: Prevalence and correlates. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063537

Wang, H., Lee, S. Y., & Hall, N. C. (2022). Coping profiles among teachers: Implications for emotions, job satisfaction, burnout, and quitting intentions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.102030

Wang, L., Yao, N., & Wang, W. (2022). Exploring teacher job satisfaction in rural China: Prevalence and correlates. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063537

Wang, N., & Kang, J. (2023). The role of teacher empathy and immediacy in Chinese EFL students’ affective learning outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1294891

Wang, Z., & Wu, H. (2025). Work–family conflict and learning capacity: The mediating role of burnout and subjective well‑being. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 35(1), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.32604/jpa.2025.065769

Wang, Y., Xia, Q., Yue, H., & Teng, W. (2024). Chinese rural kindergarten teachers’ work–family conflict and their turnover intention: The role of emotional exhaustion and professional identity. Behavioral Sciences, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14070597

Weiss, S., & Ortlieb, R. (2024). Professional–personal boundary work: Individuals torn between integration and segmentation. German Journal of Human Resource Management. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/23970022241291503

Wu, H.-P., & Wang, Y.-M. (2022). Women’s work–family conflict and its consequences in commuter marriages: The moderating role of spouses’ family commitment in a dyad analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.860717

Wu, H., Qiu, S., Dooley, L. M., & Ma, C. (2019). The Relationship between Challenge and Hindrance Stressors and Emotional Exhaustion: The Moderating Role of Perceived Servant Leadership. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 282. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010282

Wulandari, D. A., Hamzah, H., & Abas, N. A. H. (2019). Correlation between work–family conflict, marital satisfaction and job satisfaction. In Proceedings of the 8th UPI-UPSI International Conference 2018 (pp. 118–125). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/upiupsi-18.2019.9

Yazon, A. D., & Manaig, K. (2019). Emotional intelligence and occupational stress among Filipino teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(11), 2303–2313. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.071108

Ye, D., Sun, S., & Zhao, D. (2022). EFL students’ L2 achievement: The role of teachers’ organizational commitment and loving pedagogy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937624

Yeaman, J. N. (2021). The impact of flexible work arrangements on employee engagement among higher education professional staff (Doctoral dissertation, East Carolina University). https://thescholarship.ecu.edu/bitstreams/d8299425-f913-49ee-ae2b-9ccaed554124/download

Yin, H., Huang, S., & Chen, G. (2019). The relationships between teachers’ emotional labor and their burnout and satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Educational Research Review, 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100283

Yin, L. C., Loreman, T., Abd Majid, R., & Alias, A. (2019). The dispositions towards loving pedagogy (DTLP) scale: Instrument development and demographic analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102884

Zara, C. G., Balazon, F., Wangdi, T., Perales, W. F., Praditson, P., & Ulla, M. B. (2022). Exploring the concept of pedagogical resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: Teachers’ perspectives from Thailand and the Philippines. Frontiers in Education, 7, Article 981217. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.981217

Zhang, L., Lin, W., & Wang, Y. (2022). The effect of consecutive disasters on educational outcomes. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103398

Zhang, L., Chen, J., Li, X., & Zhan, Y. (2023). A scope review of the teacher well being research between 1968 and 2021. The Asia Pacific Education Researcher, 32, 171–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-023-00717-1

Zhang, K., & He, W.-J. (2025). Teachers’ growth mindset, perceived school climate, and perceived parental autonomy support moderate the relationship between students’ growth mindset and academic achievement. Journal of Intelligence, 13(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence13010008

Zhou, G. (2023). Testing a mediation model of teacher caring, grit, and student well-being in English as a foreign language students. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260827

Zhou, S., Slemp, G. R., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2024). Factors associated with teacher wellbeing: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09886-x

Zondo, S. S., & Adu, E. O. (2024). Dynamics of teaching practice in South Africa: A nexus between theory and practice. Interdisciplinary Journal of Education Research, 6, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.38140/ijer-2024.vol6.06




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v12i8.6153

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Carlamae G. Abdon, Jeannet E. Canda

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2026. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).