EXPLORING THE DIFFICULTIES OF NON-INDIGENOUS TEACHERS ASSIGNED IN IP SCHOOLS: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY
Abstract
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Absolon, K. (2019). Decolonizing education and educators’ decolonizing. Intersectionalities: A Global Journal of Social Work Analysis, Research, Polity, and Practice, 7(1), 9-28. https://intersectionalities.mun.ca/index.php/IJ/article/view/2073/1709
Adams, C. R., Barrio Minton, C. A., Hightower, J., & Blount, A. J. (2022). A systematic approach to multiple case study design in professional counseling and counselor education. Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision, 15(2), 24. https://research.library.kutztown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1529&context=jcps
Adler, R. H. (2022). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Human Lactation, 38(4), 598-602. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344221116620
Ajaps, S. (2023). Deconstructing the constraints of justice-based environmental sustainability in higher education. Teaching in Higher Education, 28(5), 1024-1038. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13562517.2023.2198639
Akama, Y., Hagen, P., & Whaanga-Schollum, D. (2019). Problematizing replicable design to practice respectful, reciprocal, and relational co-designing with indigenous people. Design and Culture. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cc50b947fdcb81f7939668a/t/659a034f22a1c37a2903423d/1704592215364/AkamaHagenandWhaangaSchollumunformatted.pdf
Ansloos, J., Stewart, S., Fellner, K., Goodwill, A., Graham, H., McCormick, R., & Mushquash, C. (2019). Indigenous peoples and professional training in psychology in Canada. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 60(4), 265. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alanaise-Ferguson/publication/336965716_Indigenous_peoples_and_professional_training_in_psychology_in_Canada/links/5ea723e345851553fab3e418/Indigenous-Peoples-and-Professional-Training-in-Psychology-in-Canada.pdf
Arteaga, I., & Glewwe, P. (2019). Do community factors matter? An analysis of the achievement gap between indigenous and non-indigenous children in Peru. International Journal of Educational Development, 65, 80-91.
Brown, L. (2019). Indigenous young people, disadvantage and the violence of settler colonial education policy and curriculum. Journal of Sociology, 55(1), 54-71. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1440783318794295
Calderón, D., & Urrieta Jr, L. (2019). Studying in relation: Critical Latinx indigeneities and education. Equity & Excellence in Education, 52(2-3), 219-238. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Luis-Urrieta-Jr/publication/337203974_Studying_in_Relation_Critical_Latinx_Indigeneities_and_Education/links/5dcce69a299bf1b74b3f6002/Studying-in-Relation-Critical-Latinx-Indigeneities-and-Education.pdf
Coates, S. K., Trudgett, M., & Page, S. (2023). Indigenous institutional theory: A new theoretical framework and methodological tool. The Australian Educational Researcher, 50(3), 903-920. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13384-022-00533-4.pdf
Cortina, R. (2019). The passion for what is possible in comparative and international education. Comparative Education Review, 63(4), 463-479. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/705411
Cote-Meek, S., & Moeke-Pickering, T. (Eds.). (2020). Decolonizing and indigenizing education in Canada. Canadian Scholars’ Press. https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/cjeap/2021-n197-cjeap06521/1083337ar.pdf
Dawson, N. M., Coolsaet, B., Sterling, E. J., Loveridge, R., Gross-Camp, N. D., Wongbusarakum, S., & Rosado-May, F. J. (2021). The role of Indigenous peoples and local communities in effective and equitable conservation. https://hal.science/hal-03341800/document
Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S., Giardina, M. D., & Cannella, G. S. (Eds.). (2023). The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794108098034
Department of Education Order 62, s. (2011). Adopting the National Indigenous Peoples (IP) Education Policy Framework. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2011/08/08/do-62-s-2011-adopting-the-national-indigenous-peoples-ip-education-policy-framework/
Department of Education. (2016). Implementing Guidelines on the Allocation and Utilization of the Indigenous Peoples Education Program Support Fund FY 2016. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/DO_s2016_22.pdf
Department of Education Order 74, s. (2009). Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE). https://www.deped.gov.ph/2009/07/14/do-74-s-2009-institutionalizing-mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education-mle/
de Riso, V. (2021). Knowing the past, facing the future: Indigenous education in Canada ed. by Sheila Carr-Stewart. British Journal of Canadian Studies, 33(2), 275-276. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/105/article/806478/summary
Doyle, M. (2023). Can states be decolonized? Indigenous peoples and radical constitutional reform in Bolivia. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1-19. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03066150.2023.2201679
Farrell, J., Burow, P. B., McConnell, K., Bayham, J., Whyte, K., & Koss, G. (2021). Effects of land dispossession and forced migration on Indigenous peoples in North America. Science, 374(6567), eabe4943. https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10329308
Gabriel, M. D. (2021). Employment and education pathways: Exploring traditional knowledge supports for transitions out of homelessness for Indigenous peoples. University of Toronto (Canada). https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/109188/4/Gabriel_Mikaela_Daria_202111_PhD_thesis.pdf
Gibson, L., & Case, R. (2019). Reshaping Canadian history education in support of reconciliation. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue Canadienne de L'éducation, 42(1), 251-284. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1210295.pdf
Hermino, A., & Arifin, I. (2020). Contextual character education for students in the senior high school. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1009-1023. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1262407.pdf
Horrill, T. C., Linton, J., Lavoie, J. G., Martin, D., Wiens, A., & Schultz, A. S. (2019). Access to cancer care among Indigenous peoples in Canada: A scoping review. Social Science & Medicine, 238, 112495. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeesocmed/v_3a238_3ay_3a2019_3ai_3ac_3a18.htm
International Labour Organization (ILO). (1989). Article 22, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169). https://normlex.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:55:0::NO::P55 TYPP55_LANG,P55_DOCUMENT,P55_NODE:REV,en,C169,/Document
Ismail, S. S., Abd Hamid, Z., Fakri, S. N. S. M., & Ab Aziz, L. H. (2021). Rural tourism development in Cameron Highlands: Indigenous community's perception towards socio-cultural and economic impacts. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(13), 206-221.
Jefferies, J. (2019). Role theory and role analysis. One-to-One Psychodrama Psychotherapy: Applications and Technique.
Jones, R., Crowshoe, L., Reid, P., Calam, B., Curtis, E., Green, M., & Ewen, S. (2019). Educating for indigenous health equity: An international consensus statement. Academic Medicine, 94(4), 512. https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/fulltext/2019/04000/Educating_for_Indigenous_Health_Equity__An.28.aspx?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=acadmedjournal&utm_content=da36c938-1b2e-4b8c-bdad-61d915ee5889
KC, A., Ghimire, S., & Dhakal, A. (2021). Ecotourism and its impact on Indigenous people and their local environment: Case of Ghalegaun and Golaghat of Nepal. GeoJournal, 86, 2747-2765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10222-3
Khalifa, M. A., Khalil, D., Marsh, T. E., & Halloran, C. (2019). Toward an indigenous, decolonizing school leadership: A literature review. Educational Administration Quarterly, 55(4), 571-614. https://doi.org/0.1177/0013161X18809348
Klykken, F. H. (2022). Implementing continuous consent in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 22(5), 795-810. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/14687941211014366
Lambert, S., & Scott, J. (2019). International disaster risk reduction strategies and indigenous peoples. The International Indigenous Policy Journal, 10(2), 1-21. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Simon-Lambert-13/publication/332910126_International_Disaster_Risk_Reduction_Strategies_and_Indigenous_Peoples/links/5cd1954b92851c4eab8969f8/International-Disaster-Risk-Reduction-Strategies-and-Indigenous-Peoples.pdf
Leddy, S., & O'Neill, S. (2021). It’s not just a matter of time: Exploring resistance to Indigenous education. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 67(4), 336-350. https://cenes-narratives-2020.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2022/08/Day-2_Leddy-Its-not-just-a-matter-of-time.pdf
Lewis, A. C., Cardy, R. L., & Huang, L. S. (2019). Institutional theory and HRM: A new look. Human Resource Management Review, 29(3), 316-335. https://fardapaper.ir/mohavaha/uploads/2019/02/Fardapaper-Institutional-theory-and-HRM-A-new-look.pdf
Linklater, R. (2020). Decolonizing trauma work: Indigenous stories and strategies. Fernwood Publishing. https://extwebapps.canadorecollege.ca/courseoutlines/copdfs/IWA216/IWA216%202024-2025.pdf
Madden, B. (2019). A decolonizing theory of truth and reconciliation education. Curriculum Inquiry, 49(3), 284-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/03626784.2019.1624478
Magdadaro, J. M. D., & Sacramento, N. J. J. E. (2022). Community engagement in the indigenous education discourse: Unravelling policy lessons from Lumad’s alternative school in Mindanao, Philippines. Thammasat Review, 25(1), 57-81. https://doi.org/10.14456/tureview.2022.3
Nguyen, N. H., Subhan, F. B., Williams, K., & Chan, C. B. (2020, April). Barriers and mitigating strategies to healthcare access in indigenous communities of Canada: A narrative review. In Healthcare (Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 112). MDPI. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/709a/e2b1f39fd7ec0bc192a5c0a54166fd32f0cc.pdf
Nikolopoulou, K. (2022). Online education in early primary years: Teachers’ practices and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education Sciences, 12(2), 76.
Northall, T., Chang, E., Hatcher, D., & Nicholls, D. (2020). The application and tailoring of Colaizzi’s phenomenological approach in a hospital setting. https://journals.rcni.com/nurse-researcher/evidence-and-practice/the-application-and-tailoring-of-colaizzis-phenomenological-approach-to-a-hospital-setting-nr.2020.e1700/abs
Pihama, L., & Lee-Morgan, J. (2019). Colonization, education, and Indigenous peoples. Handbook of Indigenous education, 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1839-8_56-1
Republic of the Philippines. (1997). Republic Act No. 8371: Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/10/29/republic-act-no-8371/
Reid, P., Cormack, D., & Paine, S. J. (2019). Colonial histories, racism and health—The experience of Māori and Indigenous peoples. Public Health, 172, 119-124. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003335061930126X?via%3Dihub
Rainie, S. C., Kukutai, T., Walter, M., Figueroa-Rodríguez, O. L., Walker, J., & Axelsson, P. (2019). Indigenous data sovereignty. https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/server/api/core/bitstreams/ee4c40ab-3f8c-45a7-aecc-275cb47bdf15/content
Roller, M. R. (2020). The in-depth interview method. Journal of Language Relationship, 10(1). https://www.rollerresearch.com/MRR%20WORKING%20PAPERS/IDI%20April%202020-Final.pdf
Sabzalian, L. (2019). The tensions between Indigenous sovereignty and multicultural citizenship education: Toward an anticolonial approach to civic education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 47(3), 311-346. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00933104.2019.1639572
Sandoval-Rivera, J. C. A. (2020). Environmental education and indigenous knowledge: Towards the connection of local wisdom with international agendas in the framework of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 14(1), 14-24. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15595692.2019.1652588
Setyono, B., & Widodo, H. P. (2019). The representation of multicultural values in the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture-endorsed EFL textbook: A critical discourse analysis. Intercultural Education, 30(4), 383-397. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2019.1548102
Situmorang, R., Trilaksono, T., & Japutra, A. (2019). Friend or Foe? The complex relationship between indigenous people and policymakers regarding rural tourism in Indonesia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 39, 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.02.001
Smith, W., Neale, T., & Weir, J. K. (2021). Persuasion without policies: The work of reviving Indigenous peoples’ fire management in southern Australia. Geoforum, 120, 82-92. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/543453466.pdf
Stagg-Peterson, S., Huston, L., Ings, E., Mason, B., & Falcigno, K. (2021). Awakening Indigenous knowledge: Perspectives and experiences of Indigenous early childhood education diploma students. McGill Journal of Education, 56(1), 194-213. https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/mje/2021-v56-n1-mje06838/1087055ar.pdf
Stahl, N. A., & King, J. R. (2020). Expanding approaches for research: Understanding and using trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Developmental Education, 44(1), 26-28. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45381
Staller, K. M., & Chen, Y. (2022). Choosing a research design for qualitative research–a Ferris wheel of approaches. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research Design. United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd, 69-86.
Stein, S. (2020). Truth before reconciliation: The difficulties of transforming higher education in settler colonial contexts. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(1), 156-170. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sharon-Stein/publication/332950768_Truth_before_reconciliation_The_difficulties_of_transforming_higher_education_in_settler_colonial_contexts/links/5cd6ef6ea6fdccc9dda2ed5b/Truth-before-reconciliation-The-difficulties-of-transforming-higher-education-in-settler-colonial-contexts.pdf
Stein, S., Andreotti, V., Ahenakew, C., Suša, R., Valley, W., Huni Kui, N., & McIntyre, A. (2023). Beyond colonial futurities in climate education. Teaching in Higher Education, 28(5), 987-1004. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sharon-Stein/publication/372237601_Beyond_colonial_futurities_in_climate_education/links/64ac3945c41fb852dd62ab21/Beyond-colonial-futurities-in-climate-education.pdf
Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal4
Thomas, G. (2021). How to do your case study. How to Do Your Case Study, 1-320.
Thunig, A., & Jones, T. (2021). Don’t make me play house-n*** er: Indigenous academic women treated as ‘black performer’ within higher education. The Australian Educational Researcher, 48, 397-417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-020-00405-9
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (1994). The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000098427
United Nations. (1966). Article 27 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. (ICCPR) https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights
United Nations. (2007). Article 13, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wpcontent/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf
United Nations. (2007). Article 14, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wpcontent/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf
United Nations. (2007). Article 15, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wpcontent/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf
United Nations. (n.d.). Article 24, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). https://social.desa.un.org/issues/disability/crpd/convention-on-the rights of-persons-with-disabilities-crpd
United Nations. (2007). Article 25, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wpcontent/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf
United Nations. (n.d.). Article 26, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
United Nations. (n.d.). Article 27, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).https://www.ohchr.org/en/instrumentsmechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights
United Nations. (1989). Article 28, Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/crc-1989/article-28
United Nations. (1989). Article 29, Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/crc-1989/article-29
United Nations. (2007). Article 29, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wpcontent/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf
United Nations. (1989). Article 30, Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/crc-1989/article-30
Velmonte, L. (2020). Contributions of Cooperatives to the Economic Development. Cape Comorin, II, 70-76. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/GlennVelmo nte/publication/344382300_Contributions_of_Cooperatives_to_the_Economic_Development/links/5fd6ea1aa6fdccdcb8c4896f/Contributions-of-Cooperatives-to-the-Economic-Development.pdf
Williams, G. (2019). Applied qualitative research design. Scientific e-Resources. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Applied_Qualitative_Research_Design.html?id=ueLEDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
Windchief, S., & San Pedro, T. (Eds.). (2019). Applying Indigenous research methods: Storying with peoples and communities. Routledge. https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=fzmDDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=5mZmjVUFni&sig=Vl7q4G97oUlVzgMcs8CTR1IGXUE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Wright, A. L., Gabel, C., Ballantyne, M., Jack, S. M., & Wahoush, O. (2019). Using two-eyed seeing in research with indigenous people: An integrative review. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1609406919869695. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1609406919869695
Wright, E. K. A., & Shotton, H. J. (2019). Engaging Indigenous students. In Student Engagement in Higher Education (pp. 69-88). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429400698-5/engaging-indigenous-students-erin-kahunawaika-ala-wright-heather-shotton
Zidny, R., Sjöström, J., & Eilks, I. (2020). A multi-perspective reflection on how indigenous knowledge and related ideas can improve science education for sustainability. Science & Education, 29(1), 145-185. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11191-019-00100-x.pdf
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v12i8.6140
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marchael T. Cubi, Cornelio R. Rollo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015-2026. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).