THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND LEARNING STYLES OF GIFTED STUDENTS

Yalçın Dilekli

Abstract


The current study investigates the relationship between critical thinking skills and learning styles of mentally gifted students. The participants were 225 gifted students in Turkey attending Science and Art Centres which are after-school activity centres for mentally gifted students. Participants were 9 -15 years old and were attending secondary schools and high schools. The data were gathered using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory and the Critical Thinking Scale and analysed using Chi-Square, t test, ANOVA and regression analyses. The findings revealed that gender was not a significant variable for learning styles but it was a significant variable for critical thinking skills. Gifted students had high scores on the Critical Thinking scale. Relationships were also found between gifted students’ learning styles and their critical thinking skills except in the analysis dimension of the Critical Thinking scale. Gifted students who achieved the highest scores on the scale had assimilating and converging learning styles. 

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

DOI

Keywords


gifted students, critical thinking, critical thinking disposition, learning styles, modes of learning

Full Text:

PDF Academia.edu E R I C

References


Alnesyan, A. (2012). Teaching and Learning Thinking Skills in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Case studies from seven primary schools. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. University of Exeter, Graduate School of Education. Retrieved from https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/3693/AlnesyanA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Andreou, C., Papastavrou, E. & Merkouris, A. (2014). Learning styles and critical thinking relationship in baccalaureate nursing education: A systematic review. Nurse Education Today, 34(3), 362-371.

Aşkar, P., & Akkoyunlu, B. (1993). Kolb learning style inventory. Science and Education, 17(87), 37-47.

Ay, Ş., Padem, S. & Eriş, H. M., (2010). Technical teacher candidates' critical thinking dispositions and learning styles. I. National Congress on Curriculum and Instruction. Balıkesir University Necatibey Faculty of Education, Balıkesir, 13-15 May, 268-269.

Baymeyer, C. I. (2004). Learning styles and their impact on cross-cultural training: An international comparison in France, Germany and Quebec. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28(6), 577-594

Becher, T. & Trowler, P. (2001). Academic Tribes and Territories. Buckingham: Society for Research in Higher Education/Open University Press.

Beşoluk, Ş. & Önder, İ. (2010). Investigation of teacher candidates' learning approaches, learning styles and critical thinking dispositions. Elementary Education Online, 9(2), 679–693

Boydak, A. (2008). Learning Styles [Öğrenme Stilleri]. Istanbul: Beyaz Publications.

Brookfield, S. D. (1987). Developing critical thinkers. San Francisco, CA: Josey Bass.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Colucciello, M. (1999). Relationships between critical thinking dispositions and learning styles. Journal of Professional Nursing, 15(5), 294–301.

Conceicao, S. (2004). Learning style and critical thinking in an online course that usesconcept maps. Concepts maps: Theory, Methodology, Technology, Proc. of the First International Conference on Concept Mapping. Spain: Pamplona. Retrieved from: http://cmc.ihmc.us/papers/cmc2004-061.pdf

Cook, M. J. (in press). An exploratory study of learning styles as a predictor of college academic adjustment. Fairfield University Student Psychology Journal. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.196.5651&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Costa, L. A. (2001). Developing Minds: A Resource Book for Teaching Thinking. Melbourne, AU: ASCD.

Demir, M. K. (2006). Candidate teachers’ learning styles and teaching social science, [Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının öğrenme stilleri ve sosyal bilgiler öğretimi]. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER), 23, 28-37.

Demirbaş, O. O. & Demirkan, H. (2007). Learning styles of design students and the relationship of academic performance and gender in design education. Learning and Instruction, 17, -345-359.

Demirhan, E., Beşoluk, Ş., & Önder, İ. (2011). The change in academic achievement and critical thinking disposition scores of pre-service science teachers over time. Western Anatolia Journal of Educational Sciences (WAJES), Special Issue, 403-406.

Dixon, F. A., Prater, K. A., Vine, H. M., Wark, J. M., Williams, T., Hanchon, T. & Shobe, C. (2004). Teaching to their thinking: A strategy to meet the critical-thinking needs of gifted students. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 28(1), 56-76.

Dunn, R., Beaudry, J. S., & Klavas, A. (2002). Survey of research on learning styles. California Journal of Science Education, 2(2), 75-98.

Dunn, R. & Dunn, K. (1979). Using learning styles data to develop student prescriptions. In J.W. Keefe (ed.), Student learning styles diagnosing and prescribing programs (pp. 109-122). Reston, VA: National Association of Secondary School Principals.

Durukan, E. & Maden, S. (2010). A study on the evaluation of Turkish Pre-service teachers’ Critical thinking tendency, Dumlupinar University, Journal of Social Science, 28, 25-34.

Eggen, P. D., & Kauchak, D. P. (2006). Strategies and models for teachers: Teaching content and thinking skills (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education

Ekici, G. (2013). The analysis of teacher candidates’ learning styles in terms of gender and overall academic success according to Gregorc and Kolb learning style models. Education and Science, 38(167), 211-225.

Ennis, R. (2011). Critical thinking. Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines, 26(2), 5-19. DOI: 10.5840/inquiryctnews201126215.

Ennis. R. H. (1985). A logical basis for measuring critical thinking. Educational Leadership 4, 44-54.

Facione, A. P. (1990). The complete American Philosophical Association delphi research report. Millbrae, USA: The California Academic Press.

Facione, A. P. (2013). Critical thinking: What It is and why it counts, CA, Millbrae: Measured Reasons LLC, Hermosa Beach. Retrieved from http://go.roguecc.edu/sites/go.roguecc.edu/files/dept/nursing/PDF/Nursing/Critical%20Thinking-What%20it%20is%20and%20Why%20it%20Counts--to%20be%20linked%20to%20HSRT%20info.pdf

Felder, R., & Brent, R. (2005). Understanding student differences. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 57-72.

Ford, D. Y., Grantham, T. C., & Whiting, G. W. (2008). Culturally and linguistically diverse students in gifted education: Recruitment and retention issues. Exceptional Children, 74(3), 289-306.

Forneris, S. G., & Peden‐McAlpine, C. (2007). Evaluation of a reflective learning intervention to improve critical thinking in novice nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 57(4), 410-421.

Gencel, I. E. (2007). Kolb’s experiential learning theory adapted to workbased learning styles inventory-III. Dokuz Eylul University Institute of Social Sciences Journal, 9(2), 120-139.

Ghazivakili, Z., Nia N. R., Panahi F., Karimi, M., Gholsorkhi, H. & Ahmadi, Z. (2014). The role of critical thinking skills and learning styles of university students in their academic performance. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 2(3), 95-102.

Gürleyük, G. C. (2008). Analysis of critical thinking disposition, problem solving abilities and academic achievement levels of primary school teacher candidates with respect to some variables. [Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri, problem çözme becerileri ve akademik başarı düzeylerinin incelenmesi]. Unpublished master’s thesis. Zonguldak Karaelamas University, Social Science Institute, Zonguldak, Turkey.

Güven, M. & Kürüm, D. (2008). The relationship between teacher candidates’ learning styles and critical thinking dispositions (An Investigation on the Students in Faculty of Education in Anadolu University). [Öğretmen adaylarının öğrenme stilleri ile eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki], Elementary Education Online, 7(1), 53-70. Retrieved from http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr

Güven, M. & Kürüm, D. (2007). Teacher candidates' learning styles and critical thinking dispositions. Electronic Journal of Social Science, 6(21), 60-90. Retrieved from http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/esosder/issue/view/5000006981.

Güven, M. & Kürüm, D. (2006). Relationship between learning styles and critical thinking: A general review. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 75-90.

Gyeong, J. A., Myung, S. Y. (2008). Critical thinking and learning styles at the baccalaureate nursing program in Korea. Contemporary Nurse, 29(1), 100–109.

Hunt, D. E. (1987). Beginning with ourselves in practice, Theory and human affairs. Cambridge MA: Brookline Books.

İşlekeller, A. (2008). Achievements of students of above average and average intelligence in Turkish language classes focusing on critical thinking skills, and the effect of those classes on their critical thinking levels and attitudes [Eleştirel düşünme becerilerini temel alan Türkçe öğretiminin üstün ve normal zihin düzeyindeki öğrencilerin erişi, eleştirel düşünme düzeylerine ve tutumlarına etkisi], Unpublished MBA Thesis. İstanbul University, Social Science Institute, Istanbul, Turkey.

Kenney, J. (2013). Fostering critical thinking skills: Strategies for use with intermediate gifted readers. Illinois Reading Council Journal, 41(2), 28-40.

Kettler, T. (2014). Critical thinking skills among elementary school students: Comparing identified gifted and general education student performance. Gifted Child Quarterly, 58(2), 127–136.

Kim, M. (2016). A Meta-analysis of the effects of enrichment programs on gifted students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 60(2), 102– 116.

Kolb, D. (2015). Experimental learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. New Jersey, Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education Inc.

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development (Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Kolb, D. A. (1981). Learning styles and disciplinary differences. The Modern American College, 1, 232-255.

Kolb, A. Y. & Kolb. D. A. (2005). The Kolb learning style inventory-version 3.1 technical specifications. Boston, MA: Hay Group Transforming Learning

Koob, J. J., & Funk, J. (2002). Kolb’s learning style inventory: Issues of reliability and validity. Research on social work practice, 12(2), 293-308.

Kurnaz, A. (2014). Activities for teaching critical thinking [Eleştirel düşünme öğretimi etkinlikleri]. Konya: Eğitim Akademi Kitabevi.

Kvan, T., & Yunyan, J. (2005). Students’ learning styles and their correlation with performance in architectural design studio. Design Studies, 26, 19-34.

Lipman, M. (1988). Philosophy goes to school. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Lowy, N. (2013). Learning styles, critical thinking aptitudes, and immersion learning in physician assistant students. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) Paper 1920.

Mahapoonyanont, N. (2010). Factors related to critical thinking abilities; a meta-analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 986-990. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.272.

Mahmoud, H. G. (2012). Critical thinking dispositions and learning styles of baccalaureate nursing students and its relation to their achievement. International Journal of Learning and Development, 2(1), 398-415.

McGrane, P. A. & Sternberg, R. J. (1992). Discussion: Fatal vision—The failure of the schools in teaching children to think. In C. Collins & J. N. Mangieri (Eds.), Teaching Thinking: An Agenda For The 21st Century, (pp. 333-344). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

McGregor, D. (2007). Developing thinking; Developing learning. New York, USA: Open University Press.

McKnight, C. B. (2000). Teaching critical thinking through online discussion. Educause Quarterly, 4, 38-41.

Meyers, C. (1986). Teaching students to think critically. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.

Mills, C. J. (2003). Characteristics of effective teachers of gifted students: teacher background and personality styles of students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 47, 272–281.

Ministery of National Education [MNE] (2005). 2015-2016 A guide for determining gifted students to Science and Art Centers [Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi Öğrenci Tanılama Klavuzu]. Retrieved from http://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2015_ 11/19105341_rencitanlamaklavuzu.pdf.

Ministry of National Education [MNE] (2015). Directive for science and art centers [Bilim ve sanat merkezleri yönergesi]. Retrieved from http://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb _iys_dosyalar/2015_09/18101802_bilimvesanatmerkezleriynergesi.pdf

Myers, B. E. & Dyer, J. E. (2006). The influence of student learning style on critical thinking skill. Journal of Agricultural Education, 47(1), 43-52.

Nagappan, R. (2001). Teaching in higher-order skills in Malaysia. Journal of South Asian Education, 2(1), 1-22.

NAGC (2010). Redefining giftedness for a new century: Shifting the paradigm. Retrieved from http://www.nagc.org/index2.aspx?id=6404

Nair, S. & Ngang, T. K. (2012). Exploring parents’ and teachers’ views of primary pupils’ thinking skills and problem solving skills. Creative Education, 3(1), 30-36.

Nasrabadi, H. A., & Mousavi, S. (2012). The Contribution of Critical Thinking Attitude and Cognitive Learning Styles in Predicting Academic Achievement of Medical University’s Students. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 12(4), 285-296.

Nasrabadi, H. M., Mousavi, S. & Kave-Farsan, Z. (2012). The contribution of critical thinking attitude and cognitive learning styles in predicting academic achievement of medical university’s students. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 12(4), 285-296.

Nastanski, M., & Slick, T. (2011). Learning styles and the online classroom: Implications for business students. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), 5(10), 29-50.

Newmann, F. M. (1990). Higher order thinking in teaching social studies. A rationale for the assessment of classroom thoughtfulness. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 22(1), 41-56.

Pai, H-C. & Eng, C-J. (2013). The Relationships among critical thinking disposition, caring behavior, and learning styles in student nurses. Open Journal of Nursing, 3, 249-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2013.32034

Parks, S. (2009). Teaching analytical and critical thinking skills in gifted education. In Karnes, F. A. & Bean, S. M. (Eds.) Methods and Materials for Teaching the Gifted (pp. 261-300). Waco, TX: Prufrock Press.

Patterson, G. E., (1994). Establishing a correlationship between learning styles and critical thinking skills in baccalaureate nursing students. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Columbia University Teachers College. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/304118271/fulltextPDF/13C19F2614233F3EEAB/3?accountid=36246.

Peng, X., Ma, S. H. & Li, X. M. (2006). A study on the cognitive styles and gender difference of normal university students in China. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(3), 299-301.

Philbin, M., Meier, E., Huffman, S., & Boverie, P. (1995). A survey of gender and learning styles. Sex Roles, 32(7-8), 485-494.

Purvis, C. A. (2009). Factors that influence the development of critical thinking skills in associate degree nursing students. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. USA: University of Georgia, Athens.

Rayneri, L. J., Gerber, B. L., & Wiley, L. P. (2006). The relationship between classroom environment and the learning style preferences of gifted middle school students and the impact on levels of performance. Gifted Child Quarterly, 50(2), 104-118.

Reis, S. M. & McCoach, D. B. (2000). The underachievement of gifted students: What do we know and where do we go? Gifted Child Quarterly, 44(3), 152-170.

Ritchhart, R. & Perkins, N. D. (2005). Learning to think: The challenges of teaching thinking. In K. Hoyak & R. G. Morrison (Eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. (pp. 775-802). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Roberts, R. D., Beh, H. C. & Stankov, L. (1988). Hick’s law, competing-task performance, and intelligence. Intelligence, 12, 111-130.

Rogers, K. B. (1986). Do the gifted think and learn differently? A review of recent research and its implications for instruction. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 10(1), 17-39.

Rogers, K. B. (2007). Lessons learned about educating the gifted and talented: A synthesis of the research on educational practice. Gifted Child Quarterly, 51, 382–396.

Ross, E. P. & Wright, J. (1987). Matching teaching strategies to the learning styles of gifted readers. Reading Horizons, 28(1), 49-56.

Rudd, R., Baker, M. & Hoover, T. (2000). Undergraduate agriculture student learning styles and critical thinking abilities: Is there a relationship? Journal of Agricultural Education, 41(3), 2-12.

Rudd, R. D. & Baker, M. T. (2000). Dimensions of critical thinking. The Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research, 50(1), 133-138.

Salehi, Sh. (2007). Nursing students’ preferred learning styles. Journal of Medical Education, 11(3-4), 85-89.

Schenck, J. & Cruickshank, J. (2015). Evolving Kolb: Experiential education in the age of neuroscience, Journal of Experiential Education, 38(1), 73–95.

Sharma P. (2011). A study of learning-thinking style of secondary school students in relation to their academic achievement. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications, 2(4), 115-23.

Siriopoulos, C. & Pomonis, G. A. (2006). A comparative analysis of economics graduates' learning styles and critical thinking skills. Social Science Research Network, 1-37. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.976741.

Smith, D. M. & Kolb, D.A. (1984). Users’ guide for the learning style inventory: A manual for teachers and trainers. Boston: MC Ber.

Sternberg, R. J. (1987). Teaching critical thinking: Eight easy ways to fail before you begin. The Phi Delta Kappan, 68(6), 456-459.

Suliman, W. A. (2006). Critical thinking and learning styles of students in conventional and accelerated programmes. International Nursing Review, 53(1), 73-79.

Svinicki, M.D. & Dixon, M. N. (1987). The Kolb model modified for classroom activities. Collage Teaching, 135(4), 141-146.

Van Tassel-Baska, V. (1992). Planning effective curriculum for gifted learners. Bellaire St., Denver: Love Publishing.

Tezci, E. & Ataseven, N. (2016). Effects of learning style and demographic factors on learning strategies. Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 6(1), 211- 225.

Thomson, D. L. (2010). Beyond the classroom walls: Teachers’ and students’ perspectives on how online learning can meet the needs of gifted students. Journal of Advanced Academics, 21, 662–712.

Torres, R. M. & Cano, J. (1995). Critical thinking as influenced by learning style. Journal of Agricultural Education, 36(4), 55-62.

Toth, M. H. (1996). An experimental approach in evaluating instructional strategies to teach critical thinking to freshman nursing students. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania.

Tulbure, C. (2012). Investigating the relationships between teaching strategies and learning styles in higher education. Acta Didaactica Napocensia, 5(1), 65-74.

Tuttle, F. B., Becker, A. L. & Sousa, J. A. (1988). Characteristics and identification of gifted and talented students. Washington, D.C: NEA Professional Library.

Walsh, C. M. & Hardy, R. C. (1999). Dispositional differences in critical thinking related to gender and academic major. Journal of Nursing Education, 38(4), 149-155.

Wehrwein, E. A., Lujan, H. L. & DiCarlo, S. E. (2007). Gender differences in learning style preferences among undergraduate physiology students. Advances in Physiology Education, 31(2), 153-157.

Wessel, J. & Williams, R. (2004). Critical thinking and learning styles of students in a problem-based, master's entry-level physical therapy program. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 20(2), 79-89.

Willingham, D. T. (2007). Critical thinking: Why is it so hard to teach? American Educator, 37, 8-19.

Wong, L. L. C. & Nunan, D. (2011). The learning styles and strategies of effective language learners. System, 39, 144-163.

Yamazaki, Y., Murphy, V. & Puerta, M. (2002). Learning styles and learning skills in higher education: an empirical study of their relationship using Kolb’s experiential learning theory. Department of Organizational Behavior, Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved from https://weatherhead.case.edu/departments/organizational-behavior/workingpapers/wp-03-03.pdf.

Yenice N. (2012). A review on learning styles and critically thinking disposition of pre-service science teachers in terms of miscellaneous variables. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning & Teaching, 13(2), 2-31.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.552

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 Yalçın Dilekli

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).