PROMOTING COGNITIVE READING STRATEGIES ON READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS ENHANCEMENT
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation 2(1968), 89–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60422-3
Bartlett, F. C. (1995). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2273030/component/file_2309291/content
Bernardo, A. B., & Mante-Estacio, M. J. (2023). Metacognitive reading strategies and its relationship with Filipino high school students’ reading proficiency: insights from the PISA 2018 data. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01886-6
Bogaerds-Hazenberg, S. T. M., Evers-Vermeul, J., & van den Bergh, H. (2021). A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Text Structure Instruction on Reading Comprehension in the Upper Elementary Grades. Reading Research Quarterly, 56(3), 435–462. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.311
Bruggink, M., Swart, N., van der Lee, A., & Segers, E. (2022). Theories of Reading Comprehension. In M. Bruggink, N. Swart, A. van der Lee, & E. Segers (Eds.), Putting PIRLS to Use in Classrooms Across the Globe: Evidence-Based Contributions for Teaching Reading Comprehension in a Multilingual Context (pp. 3–19). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95266-2_1
Cain, K. (2022). Children’s reading comprehension difficulties. In M. J. Snowling, C. Hulme, & K. Nation (Eds.), The science of reading: A handbook (2nd ed., pp. 298–322). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119705116.ch14
Carter, J., Podpadec, T., Pillay, P., Babayiğit, S., & Gazu, K. A. (2024). A systematic review of the effectiveness of reading comprehension interventions in the South African multilingual context. Educational Research and Evaluation, 29(1–2), 69–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2024.2314522
Castells, N., Minguela, M., Solé, I., Miras, M., Nadal, E., & Rijlaarsdam, G. (2022). Improving Questioning–Answering Strategies in Learning from Multiple Complementary Texts: An Intervention Study. Reading Research Quarterly, 57(3), 879–912. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.451
Catts, H. W., & Hogan, T. P. (2021). Rethinking how to promote reading comprehension. American Educator, Winter 2021–2022. Retrieved from https://www.aft.org/ae/winter2021-2022/catts
Congress of the Philippines. (2013). Republic Act No. 10533: An act enhancing the Philippine basic education system by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the number of years for basic education, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes. Retrieved from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph
DepEd. (2024). Department of Education takes science based approach in improving literacy. Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved from https://pia.gov.ph/deped-takes-science-based-approach-in-improving-literacy
Didion, L., & Toste, J. R. (2022). Data mountain: Self-monitoring, goal setting, and positive attributions to enhance the oral reading fluency of elementary students with or at risk for reading disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 55(5), 375-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194211043482
Dinoro, A., Semilla, J. R., Dangdang, G., Fajardo, M. F., Beldad, E., Dominguez, E., ... & Tero, J. (2023). Assessment of the Reading Strategies in the Philippine Basic Education. Asia Research Network Journal of Education, 3(2), 59-73. Retrieved from https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/arnje/article/view/267017
Dori, Y. J., Avargil, S., Kohen, Z., & Saar, L. (2018). Context-based learning and metacognitive prompts for enhancing scientific text comprehension. International Journal of Science Education, 40(10), 1198–1220. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2018.1470351
Duke, N. K., & Cartwright, K. B. (2021). The Science of Reading Progresses: Communicating Advances Beyond the Simple View of Reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 56(S1), S25–S44. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.411
Efklides, A., & Metallidou, P. (2020). Applying metacognition and self-regulated learning in the classroom. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Retrieved from https://oxfordre.com/education/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e961?d=%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190264093.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780190264093-e-961&p=emailAwWOo7Wr6hlus
Fernandez, J., & Guilbert, J. (2024). Self-regulated strategy development’s effectiveness: Underlying cognitive and metacognitive mechanisms. Metacognition and Learning, 19(3), 1091–1135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-024-09398-7
Flavell, J. H. (1976). Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. The Nature of Intelligence pp. 231-235. - In L. B. Resnick (Ed.); (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum). Retrieved from https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032646527-16/metacognitive-aspects-problem-solving-john-flavell
Ghimire, N. (2025). Evaluating the predictive power of metacognitive reading strategies on reading achievement. Large Scale Assessments in Education, 13, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-025-00240-3
Gustanti, Y., & Ayu, M. (2021). The Correlation Between Cognitive Reading Strategies and Students’ English Proficiency Test. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning (JELTL)2(2), 95-100. https://doi.org/10.33365/jeltl.v2i2.1452
Hakemulder, F., & Mangen, A. (2024). Literary Reading on Paper and Screens: Associations Between Reading Habits and Preferences and Experiencing Meaningfulness. Reading Research Quarterly, 59(1), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.527
Hattan, C., Alexander, P. A., & Lupo, S. M. (2024). Leveraging What Students Know to Make Sense of Texts: What the Research Says About Prior Knowledge Activation. Review of Educational Research, 94(1), 73–111. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543221148478
Haverkamp, Y. E., Bråten, I., Latini, N., & Salmerón, L. (2023). Is it the size, the movement, or both? Investigating the effects of screen size and text movement on processing, understanding, and motivation when students read informational text. Reading and Writing, 36(7), 1589–1608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-022-10328-9
Heguerra, A. V., & Cacho, R. M. (2025). Comprehension Concerns: Signs and Signals for Improving a School-based Reading Intervention. The Normal Lights. 16(2), 146-171. Retrieved from https://po.pnuresearchportal.org/ejournal/index.php/normallights/article/view/1724
Ignacio, L. B., Cristobal, A. G. A., & David, P. C. (2022). Impact of policy implementation on education quality: a case study on Philippines’ low ranking in international and local assessment programs. Asian Journal on Perspectives in Education, 3, 41-54. Retrieved from https://www.feu.edu.ph/asian-journal-on-perspectives-in-education/ajpe-volume-3-issue-1/impact-of-policy-implementation-on-education-quality-a-case-study-on-philippines-low-ranking-in-international-and-local-assessment-programs/
Jehan, S., Khan, F. U., & Wahab, A. (2023). Unlocking the Power of Schema Theory based Pre-Reading Activities: Enhancing Reading Comprehension at the Intermediate Level. Global Social Sciences Review, 8(2), 274-283. Retrieved from https://www.humapub.com/admin/alljournals/gssr/papers/8ZhBzLSZ6F.pdf
Kuhfeld, M., Soland, J., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., & Liu, J. (2022). Projecting the potential impact of COVID 19 school closures on academic achievement. Educational Researcher. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9383679/
Lu, P., Schroeder, S., Burris, S., Rayfield, J., & Baker, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of a Metacognitive Strategy during the Reading Process on Cognitive Allocation and Subject Matter Retention. Journal of Agricultural Education, 63(2), 201-218. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2022.02201
Main, S. (2023). Improving the reading skills of struggling secondary readers. Literacy Research and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1080/19404158.2023.2210588
Meylani, R. (2024). Innovations with schema theory: Modern implications for learning, memory, and academic achievement. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 6(1), 2582-2160. Retrieved from https://www.ijfmr.com/papers/2024/1/13785.pdf
Muhid, A., Amalia, E. R., Hilaliyah, H., Budiana, N., & Wajdi, M. B. N. (2020). The Effect of Metacognitive Strategies Implementation on Students' Reading Comprehension Achievement. International Journal of Instruction, 13(2), 847-862. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13257a
Novita, S., Lockl, K., & Gnambs, T. (2022). Reading comprehension of monolingual and bilingual children in primary school: The role of linguistic abilities and phonological processing skills. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 37(4), 993–1013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-021-00587-5
OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 results volume I and II country note: Philippines. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en.htm
Orbeta, A., & Paqueo, V. (2020). Strengthening basic education in the Philippines: The K to 12 reform and its challenges. Philippine Institute for Development Studies Policy Notes, 2020-02, 1-6. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph
Pahrizal, N., Vintoni, A., Sotlikova, R., & Ya'akub, H. Z. H. (2025). Metacognitive reading strategies and their impact on comprehension: Insights from rural EFL learners. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 18-36. Retrieved from https://journals.ums.ac.id/ijolae/article/view/23908
Paul, J., Ueno, A., Dennis, C., Alamanos, E., Curtis, L., Foroudi, P., Kacprzak, A., Kunz, W. H., Liu, J., Marvi, R., Nair, S. L. S., Ozdemir, O., Pantano, E., Papadopoulos, T., Petit, O., Tyagi, S., & Wirtz, J. (2024). Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary perspective and future research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 48(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.13015
Perez, J. C., Bongcales, R., & Bellen, J. A. (2020). A scoping review on the implementation of the spiral progression approach. Journal of Academic Research, 1(1), 11-22. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343304741_A_Scoping_Review_on_the_Implementation_of_Spiral_Progression_Approach
Quaranta, J. (2017). Descriptive Correlational Research: Asthma Management by School Nurse. SAGE Research Methods Cases in Health, 40-41. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems
Relyea, J. E., Rich, P., Kim, J. S., & Gilbert, J. B. (2023). The COVID-19 impact on reading achievement growth of Grade 3–5 students in a US urban school district: variation across student characteristics and instructional modalities. Reading and Writing, 36(2), 317-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-022-10387-y
Seban, P., Urban, K., & Sikl, R. (2025). Comparing the effectiveness of multiple text reading and rereading on knowledge retention and metacognitive accuracy. Instructional Science, 53(3), 337–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-024-09686-4
Spjeldnæs, K., & Karlsen, F. (2024). How digital devices transform literary reading: The impact of e-books, audiobooks and online life on reading habits. New Media & Society, 26(8), 4808–4824. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221126168
Stangor, C., & Walinga, J. (2019). 3.5 psychologists use descriptive, correlational, and experimental research designs to understand behaviour. Introduction to Psychology. 63-64. Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/2-2-psychologists-use-descriptive-correlational-and-experimental-research-designs-to-understand-behavior/
Sweller, J., van Merriënboer, J.J.G. & Paas, F. Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later (2019). Educ Psychol Rev, 31, 261–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09465-5
Teng, M. F., & Zhang, L. J. (2021). Development of children’s metacognitive knowledge, reading, and writing in English as a foreign language: Evidence from longitudinal data using multilevel models. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), e12413. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12413
Thomas, A. F., & Vannatta Reinhart, R. (2014). Pre-Reading Power: One Classroom’s Experience. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 87(6), 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2014.953022
Urban, M., Urban, K., & Nietfeld, J. L. (2023). The effect of a distributed metacognitive strategy intervention on reading comprehension. Metacognition and Learning, 18(2), 405–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-023-09334-1
van de Pol, J., Mercer, N., & Volman, M. (2019). Scaffolding Student Understanding in Small-Group Work: Students’ Uptake of Teacher Support in Subsequent Small-Group Interaction. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 28(2), 206–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2018.1522258
Ven, I. van de, Hakemulder, F., & Mangen, A. (2023). ‘TL;DR’ (Too Long; Didn’t Read)? Cognitive Patience as a Mode of Reading: Exploring Concentration and Perseverance | Scientific Study of Literature. https://doi.org/10.61645/ssol.176
Vicente, C. A., & Baldera, P. (2024). Examining the Effects of Metacognitive Awareness on the Reading Comprehension Skills of Grade 7 Students. Romblon State University Research Journal, 6(2), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.58780/rsurj.v6i2.203
Wang, Y. X., & Yin, B. (2023). A new understanding of the cognitive reappraisal technique: an extension based on the schema theory. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 17, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1174585.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejel.v11i2.6602
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright © 2015 - 2026. European Journal of English Language Teaching (ISSN 2501-7136) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms.
All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).



