STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF L1 VS. L2 CAPTIONS IN VIDEO-BASED LISTENING AT A VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITY
Abstract
The present study explored the perceptions of Vietnamese university students about the use of first (L1) and second language (L2) captions in video input in order to establish how these captions can mediate their cognitive processing of and motivation for listening. The study utilized a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, with survey data from 130 English majors supplemented by interviews with six students. Results showed that students attributed different functional uses to each form of captionation: L1 captions were preferred where emotional reassurance and comprehension automatically play the roles of emotion and cognition, respectively, while L2 captions led to recognition of language gains and self-validation. Rather than preferring one of the media, the respondents used them interchangeably as a function of goals sought. These findings illustrate that caption use is a metacognitive function rather than a technical one, and indicate that flexible integration of captions should be the goal of listening pedagogy.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Almusharraf, A., Mahdi, H. S., Al-Nofaie, H., Ghobain, E., & Aljasser, A. (2024). Video captioning and subtitles in second language listening comprehension: Fast-paced versus slow-paced speakers. Journal of psycholinguistic research, 53(2), 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-024-10070-z
Creswell, J. W., Fetters, M. D., & Ivankova, N. V. (2004). Designing a mixed methods study in primary care. The Annals of Family Medicine, 2(1), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.104
Danan, M. (2004). Captioning and subtitling: Undervalued language learning strategies. Meta, 49(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.7202/009021ar
Field, J. (2008). Listening in the language classroom. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511575945
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Kien, T. T. (2024). The effectiveness of using visual communication in teaching vocabulary to non-English majors students at the Foreign Languages Center of Nguyen Tat Thanh University. Journal of Science and Technology, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.55401/c1kpm641
Lee, P. J., Liu, Y. T., & Tseng, W. T. (2021). One size fits all? In search of the desirable caption display for second language learners with different caption reliance in listening comprehension. Language Teaching Research, 25(3), 400-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168819856451
Li, K., Qin, X., Ji, S., & Zou, L. (2023). The effects of general listening anxiety and listening test anxiety on self-perceived listening performance among Chinese English learners. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 3541-3560. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S422030
Mayer, R. E. (2005). The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511816819
Montero Perez, M., Van Den Noortgate, W., & Desmet, P. (2013). Captioned video for L2 listening and vocabulary learning: A meta-analysis. System, 41(3), 720–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.07.013
Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 45(3), 255–287. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0084295
Peters, E., Heynen, E., & Puimège, E. (2016). Learning vocabulary through audiovisual input: The differential effect of L1 subtitles and captions. System, 63, 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.10.002
Rost, M. (2011). Teaching and researching listening (2nd ed.). Pearson Education. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315833705
Teng, F. (2019). The effects of captioned videos on L2 listening comprehension. ELT Journal, 73(2), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccy054
Vandergrift, L., & Goh, C. C. M. (2012). Teaching and learning second language listening: Metacognition in action. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843376
Vanderplank, R. (2016). Captioned media in foreign language learning and teaching: Subtitles for the deaf and hard-of-hearing as tools for language learning. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137500458
Winke, P., Gass, S., & Sydorenko, T. (2013). Factors influencing the use of captions by foreign language learners: An eye‐tracking study. The Modern Language Journal, 97(1), 254–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.01435.x
Yuksel, D., & Tanriverdi, B. (2009). Effects of watching captioned movie clip on vocabulary development of EFL learners. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 8(2), 48–54. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED505936.pdf.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejel.v10i4.6373
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright © 2015 - 2026. European Journal of English Language Teaching (ISSN 2501-7136) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms.
All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).



