Email this article 
DEMOCRACY OR NOT: V-DEM INDEX IN LEBANON VERSUS SWEDEN
Abstract
The study set to measure the V-Dem index in Lebanon in comparison with that of Sweden. The study employed the meta-analysis method to ensure delving into the different democracy indices. The findings of the study revealed that the V-Dem was significantly efficient in purposely investigating the level of democracy in Lebanon and Sweden in terms of democracy components; electoral, liberal, participatory and deliberative in addition to politics, freedom of press and freedom of accessibility to political information. The V-Dem could surpass previous difficulties encountered using the democracy traditional measure tools in Lebanon. Contrary to democracy high V-Dem index in Sweden, the study revealed that the V-Dem four indices are low in Lebanon. However, the Lebanese model of democracy could be still employed as a pattern to disseminate democracy in other Arab countries especially the ones with segmental divisions based on religion and culture.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al-Khouri, R. (2006). The Future of Democracy in Lebanon. UNISCI Discussion Papers, (12).
Beetham, D., Bracking, S., Kearton, I., & Weir, S. (2002). International IDEA handbook on democracy assessment. Kluwer Law International:.
Buhlmann, M., Merkel, W., & Wessels, B. (2007). The quality of democracy: Democracy barometer for established democracies. Working Paper No. 10. Zurich: National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR).
Carney, J. (2018). Resur (e) recting a Spectacular Hero: Diriliş Ertuğrul, Necropolitics, and Popular Culture in Turkey. Review of Middle East Studies, 52(1), 93-114.
Coppedge, M., & Teorell, J. (2017). Varieties of Democracy: A New Approach to Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy. Retrieved from http://www.uio.no/english/research/interfaculty-research-areas/democracy/news-and-events/events/conferences/2012/papers-2012/Coppedge-etal-Wshop7.pdf
Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Lindberg, S. I., Skaaning, S. E., Teorell, J., Andersson, F., ... & Pernes, J. (2016). V-Dem Methodology v6.
Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Lindberg, S. I., Skaaning, S. E., & Teorell, J. (2017). V-Dem comparisons and contrasts with other measurement projects.
Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Altman, D., Bernhard, M., Fish, S., Hicken, A., & Semetko, H. A. (2011). Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: A new approach. Perspectives on Politics, 9(2), 247-267.
Dahl, R. A., Shapiro, I., & Cheibub, J. A. (Eds.). (2003). The democracy sourcebook. Mit Press.
Dictionary, C. (2015). Cambridge dictionaries online.
Eaton, K., Kaiser, K., & Smoke, P. J. (2011). The political economy of decentralization reforms: Implications for aid effectiveness. World bank.
El Machnouk, S. (2018). Electoral system reform in Lebanon: dilemmas of a consociational state. Ethnopolitics, 17(1), 1-20.
Ellis, K. C. (2018). Introduction. In Secular Nationalism and Citizenship in Muslim Countries (pp. 1-26). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Fleck, R. K., & Hanssen, F. A. (2013). How tyranny paved the way to democracy: The democratic transition in ancient Greece. The Journal of Law and Economics, 56(2), 389-416.
Gerring, J., Bond, P., Barndt, W. T., & Moreno, C. (2005). Democracy and economic growth: A historical perspective. World Politics, 57(3), 323-364.
Ghattas, M.(2013). The Consolidation of the Consociational Democracy in Lebanon: The Challenges to Democracy in Lebanon (Doctoral dissertation, Portland State University).
Kekic, L. (2017). The Economist Intelligence Unit’s index of democracy. Retrieved, from http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_INDEX_2007_v3.pdf
Harb, M., & Atallah, S. (2015). Lebanon: a fragmented and incomplete decentralization. Local governments and public goods: Assessing decentralization in the Arab world, 187.
Houdret, A., & Harnisch, A. (2018). Decentralisation in Morocco: a solution to the ‘Arab Spring’? The Journal of North African Studies, 1-26.
Jaulin, T. (2014). Citizenship, Migration, and Confessional Democracy in Lebanon. Middle East Law and Governance, 6(3), 250-271.
Knutsen, C., & Wig, T. (2014). The Democracy-Dictatorship measure: Alternation in power and biased estimates of democracy’s effect on economic growth (1st ed.). Oslo: Department of Political Science, University of Oslo. http://www.sv.uio.no/esop/english/research/news-and-events/events/guest-lectures-seminars/esop-seminar/dokumenter/aclp_turnover_chk_tw.pdf
Lijphart, A. (1984). Proportionality by Non-PR Methods: Ethnic Representation in Belgium, Cyprus, Lebanon, New Zealand, West Germany, and Zimbabwe. Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives. New York: Praeger.
Lijphart, A. (2012). Patterns of democracy: Government forms and performance in thirty-six countries. Yale University Press.
Lincoln, A., & Grafton, J. (1991). Great Speeches. New York: Dover Publications. http://www.uneecole-votreavenir.org/book/502518288/download-great-speeches-abraham-lincoln.pdf
Linz, J. J., & Stepan, A. (1996). Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe. JHU Press.
Nunn, N. (2009). The importance of history for economic development. Annu. Rev. Econ., 1(1), 65-92.
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2010). Changing mass priorities: The link between modernization and democracy. Perspectives on Politics, 8(2), 551-567.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpss.v0i0.429
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Ghada Awada
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.
Copyright © 2017 - 2023. European Journal Of Political Science Studies (ISSN 2601-2766) is a registered trademark. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.
