EXAMINING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES IN SIERRA LEONE
Abstract
This study examines the complex interplay between environmental conservation and the attainment of sustainable development goals in Sierra Leone. The research analyses the alignment of conservation initiatives with national and international sustainable development goals (SDGs), acknowledging the country's abundant biodiversity and its continuous endeavours to overcome socio-economic challenges. The study examines policies, case studies, and stakeholder interviews to delineate the synergies and conflicts between environmental protection and socio-economic development. The results show how important it is for communities to get involved, for governments to work well, and for countries to work together to find ways to protect the environment while also boosting the economy. The results show that there are serious problems with how policies are put into action, how resources are used, and how institutions work together. These gaps make it harder to reach the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The study shows that combining traditional knowledge systems with modern conservation methods can improve environmental outcomes while also protecting cultural heritage. Ultimately, the research emphasizes the significance of integrated approaches to guarantee that environmental sustainability becomes a fundamental aspect of Sierra Leone’s developmental trajectory.
JEL: Q01: Sustainable Development; Q56: Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth; Q58: Government Policy; Regulation; Public and Private Environmental Agreements; O13: Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agbola, B. (2018). Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation in Africa. Journal of Sustainable Development, 11(2), 1-12.
Alhassan, A. (2017). Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development in Sierra Leone. International Journal of Environmental Sutainability, 16(1), 1-12.
Bah, A. (2017). Environmental degradation and sustainable development in Sierra Leone. Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(1), 1-12.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications. Retrieved from uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/qualitative-inquiry-and-research-design/book266033
EU & WFP NN TALD biodiversity project (eeas.europa.eu)
Fofana, A. (2019). The Role of Stakeholders in Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development in Sierra Leone. Journal of Environmental Management, 246, 1123-1132.
GOAL. (2025). Sierra Leone’s marine pollution initiative. Retrieved from https://www.goalglobal.org/stories/goal-sierra-leone-launches-bid-to-transform-marine-pollution-management-and-create-clean-coasts-and-sustainable-economic-opportunities-at-un-ocean-conference-2025/
Government of Sierra Leone (2018). National Sustainable Development Strategy. Government of Sierra Leone.
Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography: Principles in practice. Routledge. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/Ethnography-Principles-in-Practice/Hammersley-Atkinson/p/book/9781138504462
International Union for Conservation of Nature (2019). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org/
Kandeh, J. (2018). Environmental conservation and sustainable development in Sierra Leone: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Environmental Studies, 34(1), 1-15.
Keen, D. (2005). Conflict, livelihoods, and poverty in Sierra Leone. Journal of Peacebuilding and Development, 2(1), 1-15.
Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Content_Analysis.html?id=s_yqFXnGgjQC&redir_esc=y
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/InterViews.html?id=gOqFPwAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Lancaster, P. (2017). Biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in Sierra Leone. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 9(1), 1-10.
Launch of NBSAP, NDC, and NPI frameworks (nbsapaccelerator.org)
Mugo, F. (2017). Community engagement in environmental conservation: A case study of the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 49, 231-238.
Wikipedia. Protected area overviews: Gola Rainforest, Kangari Hills, Tingi Hills, Loma Mountains. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gola_Rainforest_National_Park?utm_source=openai
Wikipedia. Renewable energy developments: Baoma Solar, Bumbuna II hydropower. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baoma_Solar_Power_Station?utm_source=openai
Richards, P. (2005). The Sierra Leone war: Diamonds, timber, and the quest for democracy. Journal of Modern African Studies, 43(2), 161-186.
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å. Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., ... & Folke, C. (2009). A safe operating space for humanity. Nature, 461(7263), 472-475. https://doi.org/10.1038/461472a
Ryant, L. K., & Wilson, E. (2018). Community-based conservation: A review of the literature. Journal of Environmental Management, 205, 272-283. Retrieved from https://ansab.org.np/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/community-based-conservation.pdf
Sierra Leone Environment Protection Agency (2019). National Environmental Policy. Government of Sierra Leone.
UN Sierra Leone SDG pages: SDG 14 (marine ecosystems), SDG 15 (terrestrial ecosystems), SDG 12 (responsible consumption). Retrieved from https://sierraleone.un.org/en/sdgs/14?utm_source=openai
UNDP (2018). Human Development Report 2018. United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from https://hdr.undp.org/content/statistical-update-2018
UNDP Coastal Risk Management project. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/sierra-leone/projects/adapting-climate-change-induced-coastal-risks-management-sierra-leone?utm_source=openai
UNDP Sierra Leone – Sustainability and Inclusive Local Economic Development (undp.org)
United Nations. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (undp.org). Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/
United Nations in Sierra Leone – SDG 14 (Life Below Water). Highlights goals to conserve and sustainably use marine ecosystems, reduce pollution, manage coastal areas, and support small-scale fishers. Retrieved from https://sierraleone.un.org
World Bank (2019). Sierra Leone Environmental Assessment. World Bank.
World Bank (2019). Sierra Leone: Country Environmental Analysis. World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/9e20ca20-2d1e-4e1f-85cb-256c81147169
World Bank. (2019). Sierra Leone: Country Environmental Analysis. World Bank.
World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford University Press.
World Wildlife Fund (2019). Living Planet Report 2018. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved from https://www.wwf.org.uk/updates/living-planet-report-2018
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejefr.v10i1.2129
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ostilda Carole Oladipo Hughes, Joseph Momoh Conteh

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.
Copyright © 2016 - 2026. European Journal of Economic and Financial Research (ISSN 2501-9430) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.



