LE MAL-ÊTRE DE L’ÊTRE : DE LA DÉSESPERANCE MÉTAPHYSIQUE À L’ANGOISSE ONTOLOGIQUE DANS PUISSIONS-NOUS VIVRE LONGTEMPS D’IMBOLO MBUE
Abstract
Le roman, Puissions-nous vivre longtemps (2021) d’Imbolo Mbue se dresse comme une pierre de touche dans la critique de la désespérance métaphysique, une angoisse existentielle qui transcende la simple détresse sociale pour interroger le fondement même de l’être-au-monde. Alors que la littérature critique a largement scruté les dimensions écocritiques et postcoloniales de l’œuvre, en élucidant les mécanismes de la violence lente et les dynamiques de l’extractivisme, elle a souvent éludé la profondeur de la crise ontologique vécue par les habitants de Kosawa. La présente exégèse s’attache à combler cette lacune en postulant que la dissolution du lien ontologique entre l’homme et son environnement, orchestrée par l’indifférence systémique du pétrocapitalisme, engendre une désespérance qui transcende la causalité matérielle pour se muer en un mal-être existentiel. Dès lors, la question de recherche à laquelle répondra la présente étude investigative est : En quoi la quête infructueuse d’un remède, symbolisant l’échec de la rationalité à restaurer un monde brisé, révèle-t-elle la désespérance métaphysique comme un mode d’être qui se dérobe à toute tentative de résolution empirique ? L’objectif d’une telle étude est d’élucider la transformation de la douleur en angoisse existentielle, en montrant que l’échec de la guérison physique est en fait une défaillance de la logique et du sens. À cet effet, l’emploi de l’approche phénoménologique sera avantageux. La pertinence de cette méthode réside dans sa capacité à décrire l’expérience vécue de la désespérance depuis le point de vue du sujet, c’est-à-dire comment les personnages de Kosawa perçoivent et réagissent à l’absurdité de leur monde. Son rôle est de mettre en lumière la manière dont la désespérance métaphysique se manifeste et se noue à la fois aux corps souffrants et aux esprits brisés, en faisant de la maladie une allégorie de l’aliénation existentielle. Toutefois, cette approche limite la présente analyse en risquant d’occulter les causes structurelles et systémiques au profit de la seule description de l’expérience intérieure. En termes d’articulation, deux centres d’intérêt seront décryptés: « La désespérance ; rupture du lien ontologique » et « La désespérance et l’impuissance face à l’absurdité ».
Imbolo Mbue’s novel, How Beautiful We Were (2021), stands as a touchstone for critiquing metaphysical despair, an existential angst that transcends simple social distress to question the very foundation of being-in-the-world. While critical literature has largely scrutinized the ecocritical and postcolonial dimensions of the work, elucidating the mechanisms of slow violence and the dynamics of extractivism, it has often overlooked the depth of the ontological crisis experienced by the people of Kosawa. This exegesis seeks to fill that gap by postulating that the dissolution of the ontological bond between humans and their environment, orchestrated by the systemic indifference of petrocapitalism, engenders a despair that transcends material causality to become an existential malaise. Consequently, the research question that the current investigative study will answer is: To what extent does the unfruitful quest for a cure, symbolizing the failure of rationality to restore a broken world, reveal metaphysical despair as a mode of being that evades all attempts at empirical resolution? The objective of such a study is to clarify the transformation of pain into existential angst, by showing that the failure of physical healing is, in fact, a failure of logic and meaning. To that end, the use of a phenomenological approach will be advantageous. The relevance of this method lies in its ability to describe the lived experience of despair from the subject’s point of view, that is, how the characters of Kosawa perceive and react to the absurdity of their world. Its role is to shed light on how metaphysical despair manifests and intertwines with both suffering bodies and broken spirits, making illness an allegory for existential alienation. However, this approach limits the present analysis by risking the obfuscation of structural and systemic causes in favor of solely describing the inner experience. In terms of structure, two points of interest will be explored: Despair: Rupture of the ontological bond and Despair and helplessness in the face of absurdity.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejlll.v9i3.656
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