GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RHETORICAL PROBLEMS

Noor Hanim Rahmat

Abstract


Writers may not like writing for a variety of reasons. Although it may seem that writers do not like the writing process when it comes to academic writing, many factors come into play to cause this problem among writers. This problem in writing is called rhetorical problem. Writers’ rhetorical problems ca be divided into two categories: rhetorical situation and writers’ own goals. The purpose of this study is to explore rhetorical problems faced by writers. Specifically, this quantitative study investigates how the writing teacher and teaching method influence rhetorical problems. In addition to that, this study also explores the influence of perceived writing difficulties and fear of writing on rhetorical problems. A survey with 5 Likert scale was used as the instrument and 108 participants were randomly chosen. Findings revealed a variety of gender differences variety for different sub-sections.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

DOI

Keywords


academic writing, rhetorical problems, rhetorical situation, writer’s own goals

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al-Mukdad, S. (2019). Investigating English Academic Writing Problems Encountered by Arab International University Students. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol 9(3), pp 300-306, Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0903.07.

Anggraini, H., W. (2016). The Difference among Writing Anxiety, Gender and Writing Achievement of English Study Program Students of PGRI University, Palembang. The Journal of English Literary Education -the Teaching and Learning for English. Vol 3(1),pp 89-94. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jenglish/article/view/2979.

Badrasawi, K. J. I., Zubairi, A., & Idrus, F. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Writing Apprehension and Writing Performance: A Qualitative Study. International Education Studies. Vol 9(8), pp 134-143. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1110238.pdf.

Bataineh, R. F. and Al-Hamad, R. F. (2018). Gender and EFL Writing: Does WhatsApp make a Difference? Teaching English with Technology, Vol 18(1), pp 21-33. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1177754.pdf.

Camarata, S., & Woodcock, R. (2006). Sex differences in processing speed: Developmental effects in males and females. Intelligence, 34, 231–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2005.12.001.

Cheng, Y. S. (2004). A measure of second language writing anxiety: Scale development and preliminary validation. Journal of Second Language Writing, 13, 313-335.

Fadda, H. A. (2011). Difficulties in Academic Writing: From the perspective of King Saud University Postgraduate Students. English Language Teaching. Vol 5(3), pp 123-130. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1078924.pdf.

Flower, L. and J. R. Hayes (1980). The cognition of discovery: Defining a rhetorical problem. College Composition and Communication, 31(1): 21-32.Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/356630.

Kamari, E., Gorjian, B., & Pazhakh, A. (2003). Examining the effects of gender on second language writing proficiency of Iranian EFL students: Descriptive vs. opinion one-paragraph essay. Advances in Asian Social Science, 3(4), 759-763. Retrieved from http://worldsciencepublisher.org/journals/index.php/AASS/article/viewFile/1062/830.

Olanezhad, M. (2015). A Comparative Study of Writing Anxiety among Iranian University Students majoring English Translation, Teaching and Literature. English Language Teaching. Vol 8(3) pp 59-70. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1075206.pdf.

Neumann, D. L., and Andrews, G. (2019). Gender Differences in Reading and Writing Achievement: Evidence from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). American Psychologist. Vol 74(1), pp 445-458. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/amp-amp0000356.pdf.

Ng, S. (2020) Gender Differences in Learning English Writing in Hong Kong. Master’s thesis, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, Hong Kong. Retrieved from https://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/132095/3/FullText.pdf.

Rahmat, N. H. (2019). Problems with Rhetorical Problems among Academic Writers. American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Vol 4(4), pp 506-515. Retrieved from http://www.onlinesciencepublishing.com/welcome/htmlarticle/22/402/.

Rahmat, N., Arepin, M., Yunos, D., & Rahman, S. (2017). Analyzing Perceived Writing Difficulties through the Social Cognitive Theory. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 1487-1499. Retrieved from https://grdspublishing.org/index.php/people/article/view/682/3071.

Rahmat, N. H. (2016). Analysing Audience Awareness in Academic Writing among Undergraduates. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Vol 16(1), pp 88-95. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v15i2.

Rahmat, N. H. (2011). Approaches in the Teaching of ESL Writing. Shah Alam: UiTM Press.

Rezaie, M. and Jafari, M. (2014). Investigating the Levels, Types, and Causes of Writing.

Anxiety among Iranian EFL students: A Mixed Method Design. 98(2014), pp1545-1554. Retrieved from www.sciencedirect.com.

Reilly, D., Neuman, D. L., and Andrews, G. (2019). Gender Differences in Reading and Writing Achievement: Evidence from the National Assessment of Educational progress (NAEP). American Psychologist. Vol 74(4), pp 445-458. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/amp-amp0000356.pdf.

Suganob-Nicoau, M. F., and Sukamto, K. E. (2016). Gender Differences in Writing Complex Sentences: A Case Study of Indonesian EFL Students. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching. Vol 11(1), pp 69-80. Retrieved from http://ojs.atmajaya.ac.id/index.php/ijelt/article/view/839.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Noor Hanim Rahmat

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.

Copyright © 2017-2023. European Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics Studies (ISSN 2559 - 7914 / ISSN-L 2559 - 7914). All rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and  Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.