ACCOMPAGNEMENT PSYCHO-PEDAGOGIQUE DES ELEVES PRESENTANT DES SIGNES DE DEPRESSION EN MILIEU SCOLAIRE : CAS DU COMPLEXE SCOLAIRE ELANIA SCHOOL

Jean Paul Kifungo Mulunga, Josué Ngwej Mpandamadi

Abstract


La santé mentale des adolescents constitue un enjeu important en milieu scolaire, où certaines manifestations de souffrance psychologique peuvent être confondues avec des difficultés scolaires ou comportementales. Dans le contexte du Complexe scolaire Elania School à Lubumbashi, les observations de terrain ont fait ressortir chez certains élèves des difficultés de concentration, une fatigue psychologique, un sentiment d’isolement, une baisse de motivation et un désengagement scolaire. Partant de ce constat, l’étude s’est interrogée sur les signes de dépression observables chez les élèves des 3ᵉ et 4ᵉ années des Humanités et sur les mécanismes d’accompagnement psycho-pédagogique susceptibles de répondre à leurs besoins. Elle visait à analyser ces signes et à proposer un accompagnement psycho-pédagogique adapté, à identifier les principales manifestations émotionnelles, cognitives, comportementales et scolaires, ainsi qu’à analyser les mécanismes d’accompagnement appropriés. L’étude a adopté une approche mixte à dominante qualitative, fondée sur une démarche descriptive et une étude de cas. La population concernée comprenait 96 élèves, dont 52 de 3ᵉ des Humanités et 44 de 4ᵉ des Humanités. Un échantillonnage raisonné a permis de retenir 10 participants, soit 5 élèves et 5 enseignants. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen du questionnaire, de l’entretien semi-directif et de l’observation, puis traitées par fréquences et pourcentages pour les données quantitatives et par analyse thématique pour les données qualitatives. Les résultats montrent que les difficultés de concentration concernent 80 % des élèves, tandis que la fatigue et le sentiment d’isolement ou de retrait concernent chacun 60 %. Le stress lié aux études est rapporté par 80 % des élèves au moins occasionnellement. Les observations des enseignants font également ressortir des difficultés d’attention, une baisse de participation, un retrait social et un désengagement scolaire. Ces résultats mettent en évidence des manifestations touchant les dimensions émotionnelle, cognitive, comportementale, relationnelle et scolaire. Au regard de ces résultats, l’étude propose le protocole OASIS comme dispositif d’accompagnement psycho-pédagogique fondé sur la vigilance et la sensibilisation, le repérage et l’écoute, l’accompagnement psycho-pédagogique et le suivi des élèves concernés. Ce protocole vise à favoriser le repérage précoce des manifestations de souffrance psychologique, à renforcer le soutien scolaire et émotionnel et à contribuer à une meilleure adaptation des élèves à leur environnement scolaire.

 

Adolescent mental health is an important issue in the school environment, where certain manifestations of psychological distress may be mistaken for academic or behavioral difficulties. In the context of Elania School Complex in Lubumbashi, field observations revealed among some students difficulties with concentration, psychological fatigue, feelings of isolation, decreased motivation, and school disengagement. Based on this observation, the study examined the signs of depression observable among students in the 3rd and 4th years of the Humanities and the psycho-pedagogical support mechanisms likely to address their needs. The study aimed to analyze these signs and propose appropriate psycho-pedagogical support, identify the main emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and academic manifestations, and analyze appropriate support mechanisms. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach with a qualitative predominance, based on a descriptive design and a case study. The study population consisted of 96 students, including 52 students in the 3rd year of the Humanities and 44 students in the 4th year of the Humanities. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 participants, consisting of 5 students and 5 teachers. Data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and observation, and were analyzed using frequencies and percentages for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The results show that concentration difficulties affect 80% of the students, while fatigue and feelings of isolation or withdrawal each affect 60%. Study-related stress is reported by 80% of the students at least occasionally. Teachers’ observations also revealed attention difficulties, decreased participation, social withdrawal, and school disengagement. These findings highlight manifestations affecting the emotional, cognitive, behavioral, relational, and academic dimensions. In light of these findings, the study proposes the OASIS protocol as a psycho-pedagogical support framework based on awareness and sensitization, identification and listening, psycho-pedagogical support, and follow-up of the students concerned. This protocol aims to promote the early identification of manifestations of psychological distress, strengthen academic and emotional support, and contribute to better adaptation of students to their school environment.


Keywords


dépression adolescente, accompagnement psycho-pédagogique, santé mentale scolaire, élèves, Complexe scolaire Elania School / adolescent depression, psycho-pedagogical support, school mental health, students, Elania School Complex

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v13i10.7049

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