THE EFFECT OF MOVEMENT TRAINING ON BALANCE SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

Faruk Salih Şeker, Hüseyin Çamlıyer

Abstract


Our study tried to assess the effect of the Special Movement Education Program on the balance skills of children with intellectual disabilities. We used the experimental design of 23 children with intellectual disabilities between the ages of seven and ten in a special education and rehabilitation center in Burdur, Turkey formed the study group. We applied the Basic Movement Training Program designed to develop balance skills to the experimental group. We practiced 22 courses of 45 minutes two days a week for 11 weeks before and after the application. The study continued for 13 weeks. We used Sensory Profile Test, Pediatric Balance Scale, Flamingo Balance Test, Balance Test on Walking Device, Standing Test on Balance Device, and Balance Measurement Device data collection tools. Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Test, which are non-parametric tests, were used in this study. We found a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group. The finding results revealed that children with intellectual disabilities improved their balance skills with movement training.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


intellectual disability, movement training, balance skill, sensory profile, sensory integration

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adam C, Klissouras V, Ravazzolo M, Renson R, Tuxworth W, 1987. Eurofit: European test of physical fitness. Rome, Italy: Council of Europe, Committee for the Development of Sport

Akarsu R, Öztürk B, Kalkan E, 2018. Sosyal-bilişsel ve ince motor problemi olan bir çocukta ergoterapi müdahalesi: Bir olgu sunumu. Biruni Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. Sayı: 1

Akgül A, Tarakci E, Arman N, Büyükkaya F, Irmak HS, Karaaslan T, 2018. Yaşlılarda denge, mobilite ve düşmenin değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri Tip Bilimleri Dergisi. 38 (1): 94-98

Akı E, Temuçin K, Aran OT, 2016. Su içi terapatik aktivitelerin vestibuler işlem, postür taklidi, bilateral motor koordinasyona etkisinin incelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 4 (2):103-113

Alp H, 2014. Correction of behavior problems in children with autism education and physical activity relationship of action. PhD Thesis, University of Manisa Celal Bayar

Alp H, Çamlıyer H, 2015. The children participated with social adjustment disorders fused extracurricular movement education and game activities monitoring of children's social adaptation process next two years. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1 (1): 109-120

Alper S, Ryndak DL, 1992. Educating students with severe handicaps in regular classes. The Elementary School Journal, 92 (3): 373-387

Atılgan Erkut AO, Akın M, Alpkaya U, Pınar S, 2012. Investigating of relationship between balance parameters and balance lost of elite gymnastics on balance beam. Journal of Human Sciences, 9 (2): 1260-1271

Ayres AJ, 1972. Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders. Western Psychological Services: Los Angeles

Beckung E, Steffenburg U, Uvebrant P, 1997. Motor and sensory dysfunctions in children with mental retardation and epilepsy. Seizure, 6 (1): 43-50

Beery KE, Buktenica NA, 1982. Administration, scoring, and teaching manual for the developmental test of visual-motor integration. Cleveland, OH: Modern Curriculum Press

Bingül DG, 2018. Assessment of pediatric balance scale and quantitative balance parameters in cerebral palsy. Thesis in Medicine, University of Marmara

Bowman OJ, Wallace BA. 1990. The effects of socioeconomic status on hand size and strength, vestibular function, visuomotor integration, and praxis in preschool children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 44 (7): 610-21

Bruininks RH, 1974. Physical and Motor Development of Retarded Persons, Ed: Ellis NR. International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, New York

Camarata S, Miller LJ, Wallace MT, 2020. Evaluating Sensory Integration/Sensory Processing Treatment: Issues and Analysis. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 14:556660. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2020.556660

Casey AF, Quenneville-Himbeault G, Normore A, Davis H, Martell SG, 2015. A Therapeutic skating intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 27 (2): 170-177

Cheldavi H, Shakerian S, Boshehri SNS, Zarghami M, 2014. The effects of balance training intervention on postural control of children with autism spectrum disorder: Role of sensory information. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 8 (1): 8- 14

Clarke HH, Clark HD, 1978. Developmental and Adapted Physical Education. 2. edition. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs: New Jersey

Coşkun G, Filiz C, 2012. Kronik bel ağrısında dinamik ve statik stabilizasyon egzersizlerinin ağrı ve fonksiyonel düzeye etkileri. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 23 (2): 65-72

Çalık BB, Yarar F, Cavla U, 2011. Az gören çocuklarda günlük yaşam aktiviteleri ile görsel algı ve denge fonksiyonları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. 2. Pediatrik Rehabilitasyon Kongresi Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 22 (3): 12

Çamlıyer H, 1994. Eğitilebilir zekâ düzeyindeki çocuklarda hareket eğitiminin algisal gelişim düzeylerine etkileri. PhD Thesis, University of Dokuz Eylül

Çöpkes Ü, 2013. Effect of vestibular rehabilitation in autistic children. Master Thesis, University of İstanbul Bilim

Dehghani M, Gunay M, 2015. The Effect of Balance Training on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Intellectual Disability, Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 5(9)127-131

Demirel N, 2008. Zihinsel engelli çocuklarda denge eğitimi çalişmalarinin bazi özbakim becerileri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Master Thesis, University of Gazi

Dunn W, Brown C, 1997. Factor analysis on the sensory profile from a national sample of children without disabilities. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 51 (7): 490-495

Dunn W, 1999. Sensory Profile: User's manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation

Dunn W, Westman K, 1997. The Sensory Profile: The performance of a national sample of children without disabilities. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 51 (1): 25-34

Durgut E, Örengül, AC, Algun ZC, 2020. Comparison of the effects of treadmill and vibration training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabilitation , vol.47, no.2, 121-131

Edwards CP, 2002. Three approaches from Europe: Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio Emilia. Early Childhood Research & Practice. 4 (1)

Engel-Yeger B, Hardal - Nasser R, Gal E, 2011. Sensory processing dysfunctions as expressed among children with different severities of intellectual developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 32 (5): 1770-1775

Erbahceci F, Yigiter K, Sener G, Bayar K, Ulger O. 2001. Balance training in amputees: Comparison of the outcome of two rehabilitation approaches. Journal of Arthroplasty & Arthroscopic. 12 (2): 184-88

Erdoğan CS, Fatmanur ER, İpekoğlu G, Çolakoğlu T, Zorba E, Çolakoğlu FF, 2017. Farklı denge egzersizlerinin voleybolcularda statik ve dinamik denge performansı üzerine etkileri. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi. 8 (1): 11-18

Fjørtoft I, 2000. Motor fitness in pre-primary school children: The eurofıt motor fitness test explored on 5–7-year-old children. Pediatric Exercise Science. 12 (4): 424- 436

Franjoine MR, Gunther JS, Taylor MJ, 2003. Pediatric balance scale: A modified version of The Berg Balance Scale for the school-age child with mild to moderate motor ımpairment. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 15 (2): 114-128

Gallahue DL, Ozmun JC, Goodway J, 2006. Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults. McGraw-Hill: Boston

Geyser E, 2009. The Agreement Found Between the Sensory Profiles of Children 3-10 Years and Their Biological Parents. PhD Thesis, University of Witwatersrand

Gür H, 2018. An examination on the effects of balance training with biodex balance system of multiple sclerosis patients on the balance, walking and functional parameters. Thesis in Medicine University of Kırıkkale

Gündoğdu Z, Seytepe Ö, Pelit BM, Doğru H, Güner B, Arıkız E, Kaya E, 2016. Okul öncesi çocuklarda medya kullanımı. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2 (2): 6-10

Gürbüz S, Şahin F, 2017. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. 4. basım. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara

Hazar F, Taşmektepligil Y, 2008. Puberte öncesi dönemde denge ve esnekliğin çeviklik üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 6 (1): 9-12

Henriksson NG, Johansson G, Olsson LG, Östlund H, 1967. Electric analysis of The Romberg Test. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 63 (224): 272-279

Horvat M, Franklin C, 2001. The effects of the environment on physical activity patterns of children with mental retardation. Res Q for Exerc Sport. 72 (2): 189-195

Huri M, Gündüz F, 2016. Üstün Yetenekli Çocuklarda Duyu Temelli Ergoterapi Grup Müdahalesinin Duyu Modülasyonu, Postural Praksis ve Bilateral Motor Koordinasyon Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Pilot Çalışma

Jorquera-Cabrera S, Romero-Ayuso D, Rodriguez-Gil G, Triviño-Juárez JM, 2017 Assessment of sensory processing characteristics in children between 3 and 11 years old: A systematic review. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 5: 57

Kara ÖK, Mutlu A, Günel MK, Karahan S, Livanelioglu A, 2011. Serebral Palsi’li çocuklarda kaba motor fonksiyon ve denge parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması. 2. Pediatrik Rehabilitasyon Kongresi Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 22 (3): 18

Karacan Ç, Kaba Z, Yenigün Ö, Aydın M, Bayazıt B, 2003. Kaynaştırma grubu ile eğitilebilir zihinsel engelli grubun ritm ve dans çalışmaları yoluyla beceri düzeylerinde meydana gelen değişimlerin incelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 11 (3): 132-136

Kayıhan H, Akel BS, Salar S, Huri M, Karahan S, Turker D, Korkem D, 2015. development of a Turkish version of the sensory profile: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric validation. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 120 (3): 971-986

Kosma M, Wood TM, Rintala P, Acock AC, 2004. A comparison of the effects of health-related fitness and motor ability on adaptive behavior among adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Human Movement Studies. 47 (4): 303-326

Kubilay NS, 2008. Effect of balance training and posture exercises on functional level in individuals with mental retardation. Master Thesis, University of Dokuz Eylül

Mikołajczyk E, Jankowicz-Szymańska A, 2014. The effect of unstable-surface functional exercises on static balance in adolescents with intellectual disability–a preliminary report. Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne. 30 (1): 1-5

Molnar G. 1978, analysis of motor disorder in retarded infants and young children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency: 83: 213-221

Odabaş C, 2016. Examine the effects on individual skills of children with autism in regular sports training. Master Thesis, University of Bartın

Özer D, Aral N, Özer K, Güvenç, A, 1999. Eğitilebilir zihinsel engelli çocukların fiziksel özelliklerinin normal gelişim gösteren yaşıtları ile karşılaştırılarak incelenmesi. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 3 (4): 1-17

Özer DS, 2013. Engelliler İçin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor. 4. basım, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım: Ankara

Öztürk MO, 1995. Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları, 6. basım, Hekimler Yayın Birliği: Ankara

Rarick GL, Dobbins DA, 1972. Basic component in the motor performance of educable mentally retarded children: Implications for curriculum development. U.S Office of Education. Washington

Rodriguez FA, Valenzuela A, Gusi N, Nacher S, Gallardo I, 1998. Evaluation of the health-related fitness in adults (II): Reliability, feasibility and reference norms by means of the afisalinefc. Apunts Educacion Fisicay Deportes. 54: 54-65

Schaaf RC, Miller LJ, 2005. Occupational therapy using a sensory integrative approach for children with developmental disabilities. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews. 11 (2): 143-148

Selçuk R, 2018. Özel öğrenme güçlüğü olan çocuklarda çift görev odaklı denge egzersizlerinin denge ve öğrenme üzerine etkisi. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. 5 (2): 65-73

Siedentop D, Mond C, Toggort A, 1986. Students With Special Needs. Physical Education Teaching and Curriculum Strategies for Grades 5-12. California: May Field Publishing Company Mountain View

Sinclaire E, Forness S, 1983. Classification: Educational issues. (Ed: L. Matson) Handbook of Mantel Retardation. Pergaman Press: New York

Smail KM, Horvat M, 2001. Effects of balance training on individuals with mental retardation. Percept Motor Skills; 79 (2): 643-9

Sterkowicz S, Lech G, Ambroży T, 2012. Coordination motor abilities of judo contestants at different age. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts. 1 (2): 5-10

Sundstrup E, Jakobsen MD, Andersen JL, Randers MB, Petersen J, Suetta C, Krustrup P, 2010. Muscle function and postural balance in lifelong trained male footballers compared with sedentary elderly men and youngsters. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 20: 90-97

Tomchek SD, Dunn W, 2007. Sensory processing in children with and without autism: A comparative study using The Short Sensory Profile. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 61 (2): 190-200

Ulla L, Pauli R, Antero M, 2007. physical performance of individuals with intellectual disability: A 30 years follow up. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 24 (2); 125-143

Vakulenko YV, 2020. Sense and self-regulation checklist: adaptation on Ukrainian sample of typical children and children with autism spectrum disorder, doi: https://doi.org/10.29013/AJH-20-5.6-11-18

Vuijk PJ, Hartman E, Scherder E, Visscher C, 2010. Motor performance of children with mild intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 54 (11): 955-965

Wilson CH, Brice C, Carter EI, Fleming JC, Hay DD, Hicks JD, Weaver J, 2011. Familiar technology promotes academic success for students with exceptional learning needs. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED530541

Winnick J P, Porretta DL, 2017. Mental Retardation. Adapted Physical Education and Sport. 6. edition. Human Kinetics: USA

World Health Organization. Intellectual Disability A Manual for CBR Workers. New Delhi: 2007; s: 15. www.searo.who.int. Accessed 14 November 2018

Yağcı N, Cavlak U, Şahin G, 2004. İşitme engellilerde denge yeteneğinin incelenmesi üzerine bir çalışma. KBB-Forum; 3(2): 45-50

Zeng N, Ayyub M, Sun H, Wen X, Xiang P, Gao Z, 2017. Effects of Physical Activity on Motor Skills and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review, BioMed Research International, Volume 2017, Article ID 2760716, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2760716




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejse.v7i4.3970

Copyright © 2015 - 2023. European Journal of Special Education Research (ISSN 2501 - 2428) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing GroupAll rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms.

All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).