MUSIC: A TEACHING STRATEGY FOR SOCIAL CULTIVATION
Abstract
The decline in social cultivation among primary school students has become a prevailing issue in terms of social development, irrespective of the receding presence of the global pandemic. Consequently, primary school teachers recognize this prevailing poor social cultivation and believe that discovering a strategic pedagogical tool is incumbent upon them. This phenomenological study explored the perspectives and experiences of primary school teachers regarding social cultivation among primary school students. Further, the study explores music as a strategic pedagogical tool and its effectiveness in social cultivation. An in-depth interview was conducted with each participant, and a focus group discussion was deemed optional. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, the compiled responses were analyzed and themes were developed. Respondents were identified through the key-informant method. The findings of the analysis point to three themes: the challenges of primary school teachers in the social cultivation among primary school students, the coping mechanisms of the primary school teachers, and the perspectives of the primary school teachers using music. The participants' attitudes and experiences allow them to recognize the pressing issue and incorporate a strategy in their instructional materials.
SDG indicators: #3 (Good Health and Well-being), #4 (Quality Education)
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abeygunawardena, K. a. V., & Vithanapathirana, M. V. (2019). The role of teachers to address issues of disruptive behaviour of student learners in mathematics classrooms: A study in the Sri Lankan context. People International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 799–820. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.43.799820
Ahmed S. K. (2024). The pillars of trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, vol. 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100051
Akbari, O., & Sahibzada, J. (2020). Students’ self-confidence and its impacts on their learning process. American International Journal of Social Science Research, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v5i1.462
Almeida, I. L. de L., Rego, J. F., Teixeira, A. C. G., & Moreira, M. R. (2021). Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: A systematic review. Revista Paulista de Pediatria. Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/j/rpp/a/ZjJsQRsTFNYrs7fJKZSqgsv/?lang=en#
Alsedrani, G. S. (2024). Teaching music to kindergarten children in Saudi Arabia: Parents’ perspectives. Music Education Research, 26(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2024.2397341
Anglia, N. (2020). The importance of music in education. Nord Anglia Education. Retrieved from https://www.nordangliaeducation.com/news/2020/07/06/the-importance-of-music-in-education
Anqi, Z. (2023). The impact of music education on the academic achievement of Chinese primary school students. ResearchGate; Scholink Co, Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375361464_The_Impact_of_Music_Education_on_the_Academic_Achievement_of_Chinese_Primary_School_Students
Asyaari, A. (2023). The students' interest related with teacher's strategy. JOEY Journal of English Ibrahimy, 2(2), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.35316/joey.2023.v2i2.13-18
Ayton D. (2023). Qualitative research – A practical guide for health and social care researchers and practitioners: Chapter 26: Rigour. Open Educational Resources Collective. Retrieved from https://oercollective.caul.edu.au/qualitative-research/chapter/unknown-26/
Babayigit, Ö., & Erkus, B. (2022). Effect of peer teaching on the academic achievement of fourth grade primary school students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 9(3), 782–791. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=socialization+of+primary+students&pg=18&id=EJ1354874
Benyo, A. & Kumar, T. (2020). An analysis of Indian EFL learners’ listening comprehension errors. Asian ESP Journal. 16(5.2), 69-85
Birhan, W., Shiferaw, G., Amsalu, A., Tamiru, M., & Tiruye, H. (2021). Exploring the context of teaching character education to children in preprimary and primary schools. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100171
Blasco-Magraner, J. S., Bernabe-Valero, G., Marín-Liébana, P., & Moret-Tatay, C. (2021). Effects of the educational use of music on 3- to 12-year-old children’s emotional development: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3668. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073668
Bostic, B., Schock, N., Jeon, L., & Buettner, C. K. (2023). Early childhood teachers’ sense of community and work engagement: Associations with children’s social, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Journal of School Psychology, 98, 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2023.02.007
Burak, S., & Bas, A. (2024). The effect of musical play on the social skill development of primary school students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 11(1), 115–125. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=socialization+of+primary+students&pg=11&id=EJ1416190
Cascales, J. Á. M., & Prieto, M. J. R. (2019). Incidence of the practice of physical and sporting activities as a regulator of school violence. Retos, 35, 54–60. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330899192_Incidence_of_the_practice_of_physical_and_sporting_activities_as_a_regulator_of_school_violence
Christner, N., Essler, S., Hazzam, A., & Paulus, M. (2021). Children’s psychological well-being and problem behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study during the lockdown period in Germany. PLOS ONE, 16(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253473
Cirelli, L. K., Peiris, R., Tavassoli, N., Recchia, H., & Ross, H. (2020). It takes two to tango: Preschool siblings’ musical play and prosociality in the home. Social Development, 29(4), 964–975. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12439
Clair, R., Gordon, M., Kroon, M., & Reilly, C. (2021). The effects of social isolation on well-being and life satisfaction during the pandemic. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00710-3
Cossham, A. & Johanson, G. (2019). The benefits and limitations of using key informants in library and information studies research. Information Research. Retrieved from https://infromationr.net/ir/24-3/rails/rails1805.html
Curtis, C. (2020). Isolated students may struggle to stay mentally healthy. Edutopia. Retrieved from https://www.edutopia.org/article/isolated-students-may-struggle-stay-mentally-healthy/?fbclid=IwAR0pN5e4QVedO_YBtLty1yQXL3hTNSG7Q_r94q8xLy4vWwmWOa5jPPpxnKo
Dahleb, F., Bibi, Y., & Dr. Abukait, R. (2024). Nurturing social-emotional learning: cultivating resilience and well-being in the classroom. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.56726/irjmets49500
De Felice, S., Hamilton, A. F. de C., Ponari, M., & Vigliocco, G. (2023). Learning from others is good, with others is better: The role of social interaction in human acquisition of new knowledge. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 378(1870), 20210357. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0357
Demirtas, E. (2023). Comparison of self-esteem and happiness levels of music education students with other departments. African Educational Research Journal, 11(1), 92–99. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=music+as+motivation+in+primary+students&ft=on&pg=7&id=EJ1384820
Divine Selorm, N., & Amoah, J. (2022). The use of music in language acquisition and meaning in children: A case study of selected schools in the Accra metropolis. International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, 9(7), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0907005
Djambazova-Popordanoska, S. (2022). A Teacher’s Role in Supporting Student Social and Emotional Learning. Retrieved from www.globalcitizenshipfoundation.org. https://www.globalcitizenshipfoundation.org/article/a-teachers-role-in-supporting-student-social-and-emotional-learning
Eser, C., Akbaba, S., Ergül, M., & Özçeli̇Ke. (2020). The effect of listening enjoyable music before studying on learning. Muallim Rıfat Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 121–132. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/mrefdergi/issue/55983/722999
Exchange Family Center (2020). Socialization and school: kids are missing out on more than academics. Exchange Family Center. Retrieved from https://www.exchangefamilycenter.org/exchange-family-center-blog/2020/10/5/socialization-and-school-kids-are-missing-out-on-more-than-academics
Fernández, J. F., Rodríguez, M. G., & González, D. J. G. (2024). Regulación del estado de ánimo a través de la música en la adolescencia. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 9, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-1363
Filho, W. L., Wall, T., Rayman-Bacchus, L., Mifsud, M., Pritchard, D. J., Lovren, V. O., Farinha, C., Petrovic, D. S., & Balogun, A.-L. (2021). Impacts of Covid-19 and social isolation on academic staff and students at universities: A cross-sectional study – BMC Public Health. BioMed Central. Retrieved from https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-11040-z
Fitzmorris, R., Russo, S., Coristine S., Rivolta, G., & Beninato, P. (2022). The importance of student-teacher relationships. Open Library. Retrieved from https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/educ5202/chapter/the-importance-of-student-teacher-relationships/
Fitzpatrick, E. (2022). Social isolation and the lasting impact of mental health in students. Digital Commons @ SHU. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/acadfest/2022/all/93/?fbclid=IwAR1alPunvD44kAQfdVTFcV6HAgfSVPvzOm6orWh6YW4Vyri-68vIhjdUKso
Frogner, L., Hellfeldt, K., Ångström, A.-K., Andershed, A.-K., Källström, Å., Fanti, K. A., & Andershed, H. (2021). Stability and change in early social skills development in relation to early school performance: A longitudinal study of a Swedish cohort. Early Education and Development, 33(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1857989
Gimbert, B. G., Miller, D., Herman, E., Breedlove, M., & Molina, C. E. (2021). Social emotional learning in schools: the importance of educator competence. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 18(1), 3–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/19427751211014920
Gulmez, D. & Ordu, A. (2022). Back to the classroom: Teachers’ views on classroom management after Covid-19. International Journal of Modern Education Studies. 6. 257-286.
Ho, W.-C. (2021). Globalization, nationalism, and music education in the twenty-first century in Greater China. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1htpfc4
Hu, B. & Johnson, G. & Teo, T., & Wu, Z. (2020). Relationship between screen time and chinese children’s cognitive and social development. Journal of Research in Childhood Education 34. 1-25. 10.1080/02568543.2019.1702600.
Ibrahim, M., & Hasan, S. (2020). (PDF) The teachers’ strategies in dealing with students’ behavior in the classrooms shyness or silence and lack of participation. Soran university. Research Gate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344499075_The_Teachers’_Strategies_in_Dealing_with_Students’_Behavior_in_the_Classrooms_Shyness_or_Silence_and_Lack_of_Participation_Soran_University
Ikhrom I., Dalmeri D., Wahyuni E., & Kafipour R. (2023). Public elementary schools' handling of student neglect and adjustment problems. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1092395
Jabro, S. (2022). Music therapy: A resource for educators and families. ScholarWorks. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/70795f941
Joseph, G. V., M, A. T., Elizabeth, S., Vargheese, S., & Thomas, J. (2022). The impact of screen time and mobile dependency on cognition, socialization and behaviour among early childhood students during the COVID pandemic–perception of the parents. digital education review; Universitat de Barcelona. Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, Edifici Llevant P3, Barcelona, 08035 Spain. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=impact+of+the+pandemic+to+the+primary+students+socialization+&ft=on&id=EJ1363209
Kakar, Z. U. H., Rasheed, R., Rashid, A., & Akhter, S. (2023). Criteria for assessing and ensuring the trustworthiness in qualitative research. York College Publications. Retrieved from https://academicworks.cuny.edu/yc_pubs/342/
Kepule, I. (2020). The social aspect of the usage of pupils’ self-expression skills acquired within music education. Journal of Education, Culture and Society, 11(2), 123–134. Retrieved from https://jecs.pl/index.php/jecs/article/view/1145/1043
King, F. (2022). The mixed methods approach in a doctoral study about teaching for creativity and music education. Victorian Journal of Music Education; Australian Society for Music Education (Victorian Chapter).
Kumar, T., Akhter, S., Yunus, M. M., & Chamani, A. (2022). Use of music and songs as pedagogical tools in teaching English as foreign language contexts. Education Research International, 2022, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3384067
Kumar, T., Nukapangu, V., & Hassan, A. (2021). Effectiveness of code-switching in language classroom in India at primary level: A case of L2 teachers’ perspectives. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 11(4), 379-385.
Lavy, I. (2023). Leveraging the pied piper effect – the case of teaching programming to sixth-grade students via music. Informatics in Education, 22(1), 45–69. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=music+as+motivation+in+primary+students&ft=on&pg=6&id=EJ1385262
Kurt, S. (2021). Constructivist learning theory. Educational Technology. Retrieved from https://educationaltechnology.net/constructivist-learning-theory/
Lawson-Adams, J., Dickinson, D. K., & Donner, J. K. (2022). Sing it or speak it?: The effects of sung and rhythmically spoken songs on preschool children’s word learning. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 58, 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.06.008
Lense, M. D., & Camarata, S. (2020). PRESS-Play: Musical engagement as a motivating platform for social interaction and social play in young children with ASD. Music & Science, 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204320933080
Lestary, N. L. G. W. (2019). The use of songs to improve students’ listening comprehension ability. Yavana Bhasha: Journal of English Language Education, 2(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.25078/yb.v2i2.1024
Li, D. (2022). Music therapy in mental health and emotional diversion of primary and secondary school students. Occupational Therapy International, vol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8370682
Liu, W. C., Wang, C. K. J., Reeve, J., Kee, Y. H., & Chian, L. K. (2020). What determines teachers’ use of motivational strategies in the classrooms? A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Education, 200(3), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022057419881171
Lochmiller, C. (2021). Conducting thematic analysis with qualitative data. The Qualitative Report, 26(6), 2029–2044. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.5008
Malingin, A., Opingo, K.M., Revalde, H., Calasang, V. (2024). Examining classroom management challenges and adjusting schemes of primary school teachers. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/124491537/Examining_Classroom_Management_Challenges_and_Adjusting_Schemes_of_Primary_School_Teachers
Maria, P. (2019). (PDF) The importance of the socialization process for the integration of the child in society. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330076266_The_importance_of_the_socialization_process_for_the_integration_of_the_child_in_the_society
McKay, C., & Macomber, G. (2021). The importance of relationships in education: Reflections of current educators. Journal of Education, 203(4), 751–758. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574211057044
McKee, A. (2023). Social emotional learning in early elementary education and the impact on academic and behavioral outcomes. UW Tacoma Digital Commons. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/med_theses/15/?utm_source=digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu%2Fmed_theses%2F15&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
Mcleod S. (2023). Albert Bandura’s social learning theory. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html
Megheirkouni M. & Moir J. (2023). Simple but effective criteria: Rethinking excellent qualitative research. The Qualitative Report vol. 28(3). https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5845&context=tqr
Meltzer, B., Petras, J., & Reynolds, L. (2020). Symbolic interactionism (RLE social theory): Genesis, varieties and criticism. Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dWLyDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT10&dq=symbolic+interaction+theory+research+paper&ots=UyOObFrLHX&sig=43QV5Tfwzg4uONk4ziSB9AvBVNk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=symbolic%20interaction%20theory%20research%20paper&f=false
Michael, K., Glykeria Reppa, & Louiza Ioannidou. (2024). Applying positive psychology in school settings: Effectiveness and challenges. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8312-4.ch002
Ministry of National Education (2020). Akran öğreticiliği öğretmenler için el kitabı [Peer tutoring handbook for teachers]. Ankara: Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education. Retrieved from https://www.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2021_11/22093410_Turkiyede_Egitimin_20_Yili.pdf
Mulkey, S. B., Bearer, C. F., & Molloy, E. J. (2023). Indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children relate to the child’s age and experience. Pediatric Research, 94(5), 1586–1587. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-023-02681-4
Mustafa, K. (2021). Examination of the music lesson behavior of students studying at the primary education level. Educational Research and Reviews, 16(2), 40–50. https://eric.ed.gov/?q=music+as+motivation+in+primary+students&ft=on&pg=4&id=EJ1288288
Nadelson, L. S., Soto, E., Simpson, S., & Nadelson, S. G. (2020). Using music in instruction to teach non-music content: Teachers’ perceptions and practices from across the United States. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(3), 1–15. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340870699_Using_Music_in_Instruction_to_Teach_Non-Music_Content_Teachers
Navbakhor, K. (2020). The role of music lessons in the formation of national and intercultural competence in students. Retrieved from https://mentaljournal-jspu.uz/index.php/mesmj/article/view/38
Neri Tejada, J., Hammer, M., & Li, L. (2021). Teacher’s creation of conditions for peer interactions and relationships. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718x211033628
Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on medical education, 8(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-0509-2
Ningsih, B., Fauziati, E., Prastiwi, Y., & Rahmawati, L. E. (2023). Teacher’s strategy in dealing with disruptive behavior from a student’s perspective. AL-ISHLAH Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(4), 4481–4491. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i4.3173
Oke, A., & Fernandes, F. A. P. (2020). Innovations in teaching and learning: exploring the perceptions of the education sector on the 4th industrial revolution (4IR). Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(2), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6020031
Ow, S. S., Poon, C. H., & Cheong, K. W. (2023). Cultivating 21st-century learning skills: The effectiveness of song-based music and movement for improving children’s social skills. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 31(3), 1197–1218. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.3.15
Ozen, C. O., Yildiz, Y., & Dinc A., Z. (2021). Opinions of preschool and classroom teachers on using music in mathematics teaching. Online Submission, 94, 333–358. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=music+as+motivation+in+primary+students&ft=on&pg=7&id=ED627044
Pacini, D. (2019). Effects of music education on the academic achievement of elementary school students. Digital Commons @ CSUMB. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1520&context=caps_thes_all&fbclid=IwAR2c3uktJf6yvFuPOK7CkswBOgl7_P2IMvTrf6ncNg7_eA9lVK5dlcLDL9s
Palmer, T.-A., & Booth, E. (2024). The effectiveness of song and music as pedagogical tools in elementary school science lessons: A systematic review of literature. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 25(7). Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=music+as+motivation+in+primary+students&ft=on&pg=6&id=EJ1419254
Pedersen, L., Bakken, A., Johannessen, K., & Bøyum, S. (2023). Teachers’ interactions with children in micro-level transitions in Norwegian preschools. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293x.2023.2247594
Philippe, R. A., Schiavio, A., & Biasutti, M. (2020). Adaptation and destabilization of interpersonal relationships in sport and music during the Covid-19 lockdown. Heliyon, 6(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05212
Qin, J. (2022). A theoretical review on the role of English as a foreign language teachers’ self-disclosure in shaping classroom climate and immediacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.945046
Räisänen, M., Postareff, L., & Lindblom-Ylänne, S. (2020). Students’ experiences of study-related exhaustion, regulation of learning, peer learning and peer support during university studies. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-020-00512-2
Rieb, C., & Cohen, J. (2020). The impact of music on language acquisition. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=mwer
Rodríguez, O. (2019). Music education and social development. Innovare: Revista de Ciencia Y Tecnología, 8(2), 124–127. https://doi.org/10.5377/innovare.v8i2.9089
Romero, E., López-Romero, L., Domínguez-Álvarez, B., Villar, P., & Gómez-Fraguela, J. A. (2020). Testing the effects of COVID-19 confinement in Spanish children: The role of parents’ distress, emotional problems and specific parenting. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196975
Ruslin, Mashuri, S., Rasak, M. S. A., Alhabsyi, F., & Syam, H. (2022). Semi-structured interview: A methodological reflection on the development of a qualitative research instrument in educational studies. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME). 12(1), (2022): 22-29. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358906376_Semi-structured_Interview_A_Methodological_Reflection_on_the_Development_of_a_Qualitative_Research_Instrument_in_Educational_Studies_Ruslin
Rutledge P. & Hogg J. L. (2020). In‐depth interviews. Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0019
Saarikallio S.H., Randall W.M., & Baltazar M. (2020). Music listening for supporting adolescents’ sense of agency in daily life. Front. Psychol. 10:2911. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02911
Said, P. M., & Abramides, D. V. M. (2020). Efeito da educação musical na promoção do desempenho escolar em crianças. CoDAS. Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/j/codas/a/gvpgHP9NHxLCdt3jZGW5Y9h/
Salimi, M., & Fauziah, M. (2023). Social skills in early childhood and primary schools: A systematic review. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 11(2), 441–474. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i2.930
Salminen, J., Pakarinen, E., Poikkeus, A.-M., Laakso, M.-L., & Lerkkanen, M.-K. (2022). Teacher–child interactions as a context for developing social competence in toddler classrooms. Journal of Early Childhood Education Research, 11(1), 38–67. https://journal.fi/jecer/article/view/114006
Santos-Longhurst, A. (2020). The uses and benefits of music therapy. Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/sound-healing#summary
Srinahyanti, S., Wau, Y., Manurung, I. F. E., & Arjani, N. (2019). Influence of gadget: A positive and negative impact of smartphone usage for early child. ACEIVE. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.3-11-2018.2285692
Stoian, C. E., Fărcașiu, M. A., Dragomir, G.-M., & Gherheș, V. (2022). Transition from online to face-to-face education after COVID-19: The benefits of online education from students’ perspective. Sustainability, 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912812
Sungurtekin, S. (2021). Classroom and music teachers’ perceptions about the development of imagination and creativity in primary music education. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 5(3), 164–186. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=music+as+motivation+in+primary+students&ft=on&id=EJ1315117
Swaminathan, S., & Schellenberg, E. G. (2020). Musical ability, music training, and language ability in childhood. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 46(12), 2340–2348. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000798
Tan, T. X., Wang, J. H., Zhou, Y., & Deng, Y. (2023). Young children’s pre-academic and social skills: role of parents’ locus of control and children’s ADHD behaviours. Oxford Review of Education, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2023.2268517
Tatar, M. (2022). Socialization: The process of learning to be human. international journal of progressive education, 18(5), 146–163. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=impact+of+the+pandemic+to+the+primary+students+socialization+&ft=on&pg=5&id=EJ1363995
Thorsten, A., Samuelsson, M., Meckbach, J., Heiskanen, C., & Mohlin, A. (2021). Lärares överväganden kring att leda undervisning. Educare, (4), 213–241. https://doi.org/10.24834/educare.2021.4.8
Tintori A., Ciancimino G., Palomba R., Clementi C., & Cerbara L. (2021). The Impact of Socialisation on Children’s Prosocial Behaviour. A Study on Primary School Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 12017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212017
Unimrkt (2024). Solid Foundations: Ways to Enhance Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research. Unimrkt Research. Retrieved from https://www.unimrkt.com/blog/solid-foundations-ways-to-enhance-trustworthiness-in-qualitative-research.php
van Vuuren, E. J. (2022). Integrated music education in primary school: A position paper. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 5(1), 211–222. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2022.16
Váradi, J. (2022). A review of the literature on the relationship of music education to the development of socio-emotional learning. SAGE Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211068501
Vashishtha, S., & Singh, K. (2020). Higher education: Issues, challenges and suggestions. International Journal on Integrated Education, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 112-118, https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/742
Vigl, J., Miitta Ojell-Järventausta, Sipola, H., & Suvi Saarikallio. (2023). Melody for the mind: Enhancing mood, motivation, concentration, and learning through music listening in the classroom. Music & Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043231214085
Weisberger, I. & Ziv, Y. (2023). The child–mother–father–teacher relationship network in kindergarten and its association with children’s social and academic development: An ecological perspective. Children. 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071102
Welsh, C. M. (2021). Music education, child development, and academic achievement: A review of recent literature. Retrieved from https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses/1041/
Widiastuti, I. A. M. S., Mantra, I. B. N., Sukoco, H., & Santosa, M. H. (2021). Online assessment strategies to enhance students’ competence and their implementational challenges. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 6(2). https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v6i2.1378
Wigelsworth, M., Verity, L., Mason, C., Qualter, P., & Humphrey, N. (2021). Social and emotional learning in primary schools: A review of the current state of evidence. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12480
Willis, J. (2023). Using music during instruction to support cognition. Edutopia. Retrieved from https://www.edutopia.org/article/using-music-support-deeper-learning?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR2k71aagm4lna-JDGcD3diAcvWuLJjOvYdFOnDM4TVtve4SqEV4BTl89nk_aem_tohLWEhuAlEf-WrzZDcQvQ
Yanko, M. (2024). Maintaining playground relationships through music during a pandemic: An action research inquiry. LEARNing Landscapes, 17(1), 305–321. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=music+as+motivation+in+primary+students&ft=on&pg=3&id=EJ1434990
Ying, Y. H., Siang, W. E. W., & Mohamad, M. (2021). The challenges of learning English skills and the integration of social media and video conferencing tools to help ESL learners coping with the challenges during COVID-19 pandemic: A literature review. Creative Education, 12(07), 1503–1516. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.127115
Zati, V., Faisal, F., Srinahyanti, S., & Ginting, R. (2019). Avoiding gadget addiction in children by helping children to develop talents and interest. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vPv6DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA244&dq=negatives+of+gadget+addiction+in+children&ots=oafRHWpWCd&sig=guW0XNBcdO8FtS01zrzZjzTeZn0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=negatives%20of%20gadget%20addiction%20in%20children&f=falsess
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v13i2.6567
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 L. Jerry Yan Lucenda, N. Pearl Diane Garcia, B. Harry Sumalinog, L. Lenziel Galaura

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015 - 2026. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (ISSN 2501 - 1235) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).



