The theme of trafficking of human beings treats one of the most severe and dangerous criminal phenomena of the organized crime in Albania. The objects of this paper are: human trafficking; ways of trafficking; risk of Albanian society; and investment of the criminal benefits deriving from trafficking in legal economic activities. It is of great importance for the treatment of proactive investigations to the trafficking of human beings. Another important aspect of the trafficking investigations is the investigation of criminal assets and the way how they are used in the economy of the country. In this paper, we stress that the investigation of criminal assets benefited by the crime of trafficking human beings as well as other wealth financed by these assets is important as the investigation of the criminal activity of trafficking itself. Also, we aim to evaluate the necessity of acting of all law enforcement agencies and other state institutions in order to be successful in the fight against the crime of trafficking of human beings. At the end of this paper, we do treat the necessity and the ways of collaboration of law enforcement agencies, NGOs, and structures of local government for rehabilitation of the victims of trafficking and their integration in the social life.

This chapter focuses on human trafficking for sexual exploitation in Italy. Two Italian case studies are analyzed, applying the crime script approach. They have been provided by state prosecutors of two Italian provinces (Campobasso and Ancona) and are referred respectively to indoor and outdoor prostitution. Starting from the literature on this topic, the different stages of this crime (recruitment, transportation, exploitation and aftermath) are identified. From the analysis of the two arrest warrants, information on the actions and decisions of both traffickers and victims is linked to the stages of the crime. The added value of this work is the application of a methodological tool (script) not often used to examine human trafficking. This allows a concrete analysis of the vulnerabilities associated with the crime-commission process and the search for situational crime prevention measures that might target these vulnerabilities. Both research and policy implications are drawn at the end of the chapter.

Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Kosovo, as two countries that lived through the events of war and suffered a large number of different victims and material losses during the war period, took almost identical paths in the direction of nation building. Although these two countries have made significant progress in some segments, due to their historical past, also had the opposite side of the coin: stagnation, underdevelopment, corruption, lack of rule of law, high level of unemployment, poverty, various forms of organized crime, etc. One of the forms of organized crime is human trafficking, which occurs in these two countries with some special characteristics due to various factors that have influenced it. For this negative social phenomenon, especially in the form of sexual exploitation of women and children, interest is expressed in every country, but these two countries differ from other Southeast Europe countries due to the large number of victims of human trafficking t...

This paper will examine the topic of Human Trafficking in Europe. Trafficking in persons is a serious crime and a grave violation of human rights (United Nations Office on Drug and Crime, UNDOC, 2014). The paper structure is made up of five parts and conclusions. Part one examines the definitions of human trafficking. Part two shows data about human trafficking while part three investigates what are the main drivers as to why human trafficking exists and persists. This chapter will consider factors of human trafficking existence such as poverty, low status of women in society, as well who the victims of human trafficking are. Part four will give as an overview of Human Trafficking in Europe and in particular in Albania, Montenegro and Serbia have into consideration Tier classification. In part fifth a specific emphasis will be given the way how state parties report to the Committee of the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) on Human Trafficking issue and how the CEDAW committee prepare the concluding observation on this topic. A sample on two countries Austria as Tier 1 and Serbia as Tier 2 is presented in the appendix 1 in the form of a table. The conclusion is that despite the campaigns to abolish slavery over two hundred years ago, slavery still exists in our society and today and it is called human trafficking. Human trafficking is an internationally organized crime which involves the trade of human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation, forced labour, domestic servitude or for the removal of organs. Unfortunately, is worldwide estimated that this industry is one of the most profitable one after drug trafficking.

The criminal justice response of the Republic of Serbia to the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings was built with reliance on the solutions in the ratified international legal documents. Frequent changes in certain solutions accompanied this, including those that highlight the circumstances that qualify the more serious form of the criminal offense of trafficking in human beings defined in 2003. Some inconsistencies can still be observed regarding the existing normative response of the Republic of Serbia and the recommended solutions regarding the qualifying circumstances and criminal sanctions present in international legal documents. In addition, there is clear incoherence with the normative response to qualifying circumstances and sanctions regarding other "related", criminal offenses defined by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia. The paper will also consider the case-law of the Republic of Serbia in the period of 2017-2020, related to the identification and prosecution of qualified forms of the criminal offense of trafficking in human beings defined by article 388 of the Criminal Code.

The fall of the bipolar order and the conflicts in former Yugoslavia provoked a spread of the trafficking in human beings phenomenon in the Balkans. The aim of this article is to show the existing situation regarding this problem and to point out the existing measures to protect and promote the rights of victims of trafficking in persons. Finally, the authors present the regional cooperation of the Balkan states against trafficking of people.