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The study was conducted at four upazilas in Dhaka city of Bangladesh taking 70.73% boys and 29.29% girls using convenience sampling method. About 41.46% respondents were 2501-3000 BDT, 9.75% were 1001-1500 BDT and 3001-3500 BDT earners having 82.92% respondents no link with other occupations. Some 53.66% fathers of the respondents were rickshaw pullers, 17.07% farmers and beggars as well as 46.34% mothers of respondents were housewives, 26.83% beggars and day labors in occupation. About 60.97% respondents came in begging from the slums and 63.41% respondents adopt begging due to their poverty and 34.15% were forced beggars.

Climate Change induced hazards, including cyclonic events, variations in temperature and rainfall, drought and salinity intrusion in water resources and soil are adversely affecting the agricultural production and food security in Bangladesh. Much more alarmingly, it is expected that Sea Level Rise will further deteriorate the agriculture sector in future. The fall of rice production in the coastal zones already indicates a disturbing situation under the already changing climatic elements. A number of studies have been under taken to explore the impacts, the adaptation measures being taken and that can be taken, vulnerability of the people living in these areas, and the loss and damages imposed upon the agricultural sector in the coastal zones. Both quantitative and qualitative tools were applied to measure agricultural productivity and vulnerability in the study locations. This paper is mainly based on the review of such recent studies on climate change and agriculture related issues in the coastal areas. It shows that cyclonic events (e.g. Cyclone Sidr 2007 and Cyclone Aila 2009) and the associated salinity intrusion have drastically affected the agricultural production (mainly rice and vegetables) in most of the coastal districts. According to a recent study, 86 % households believe that the local rice production (aman) has decreased because of salinity intrusion in soil in the study villages.

This literature review provides an overview of knowledge about the recent food price crisis—its precise nature, causes, and consequences in the developing world. It then reviews the efficacies of social protection mechanisms in mitigating the the risk of such shocks. Finally, a review of various types of social protection or safety net programs available in the four case study countries is presented—Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Vietnam.

With more than one-fifth of Bangladesh's population living in extreme poverty, surmounting it still remains a substantial predicament for development practitioners. To combat this issue, BRAC initiated the multifaceted Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction programme with a grant-based approach, reinforcing its efficacy with background services such as health and social development. Using propensity score matching, this paper analyses a three-round panel dataset (2002–2005–2008) to evaluate the impacts of the programme. We find that Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction is successfully able to increase the per-capita income, the productive asset bases and the overall food security of its participants in the long run.