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Since the beginning of the 21st century, conventional industry has changed to a small industry based on knowledge economy. Entire industries have been replaced by industries based on computer systems, and the development of human capital that operates the entire economy of knowledge has become a precious tool for every country. This paper analyzes the effects of academic mobility on the knowledge economy and examines the great contribution of mobility to developing countries and the world.
In recent years, the labour market in Romania became more and more tense, with growing labour shortages affecting the development of many important sectors. This paper is focusing on the labour market imbalances, specifying the main landmarks of labour shortages and highlighting their conditions of emergence and the generating factors for each type of their manifestation. Even if some imbalances has been reported long before, the existence and persistence of quantitative and qualitative labour shortages in Romania became obvious only recently, also under the circumstances of the warning signals of academia and business environment. Among the causes of this growing labour shortages and mismatches are the unfavourable demographic trends, the massive external migration of the skilled and high skilled labour force, the low level of the participation rate, the high inactivity rate, the quantitative and qualitative discrepancies between the supply of the education system and the real needs of the labour market, the size of undeclared work that continues to distort the labour market, the lack of cooperation between employers and institutions with responsibilities in the field employment and professional training of adults. The case study conducted on the IT&C sector, a growing sector in Romania, led to the conclusion that, despite its was claimed by the decision makers as strategic priority, the labour shortages in the sector remains high, being likely to maintain in the near future in the absence of promoting adequate support measures. Under the circumstances of Coronavirus global outbreak early 2020, the effects on the labour market in Romania are difficult to predict, the quantitative and qualitative shortages alleviation depending on the ability of the authorities to manage the crisis and to find the right responses, including by redirecting the returned migrant workers towards the domestic labour market.
The aim of this study is to provide quantitative and qualitative evidence on the territorial patterns of employment dynamics within European countries and regions, highlighting the key trends and main drivers (territorial conditions and policy factors) of location preferences, with focus on the links between Knowledge Economies, new patterns of (high skilled youth) migration flows within and between countries and their effects on socio-spatial disparities. We consider this relationship to be a crucial underpinning of Cohesion Policies (CP) within the EU. A multidisciplinary research approach was adopted, combining sociological and policy analysis approaches, with statistical and econometric modelling and data analysis, and spatial analysis and geographic information system (GIS) modelling. The statistical and spatial analysis of inter-regional and international EU migration and trends in skills distribution and industrial structure was complemented with a qualitative scenario analysis and six in depth regional case studies.
European Economy, Occassional Papers nº 60
(2010) Labour Markets Performance and Migration Flows in Arab Mediterranean Countries: Determinants and EffectsThis study, which analyses the key labour market determinants of migration flows from selected Arab Mediterranean Countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and the Occupied Palestinian Territories) finds that employment in AMCs is a major challenge for the region – and for Europe – in the next 10 to 15 years. Immdiate action is needed because the status quo risks causing permanent damage to the development prospects of those countries. The AMCs' public policies are currently ill equipped to face the challenge. Labour migration remains a key feature of the labour markets in these countries – yet cannot by itself solve the labour market challenges there. The study makes a number of recommendations including: upgrading the statistics available and conducting further in-depth analysis; upgrading education and training systems; mainstreaming the policy goal of job creation and higher productivity; promoting active labour market policies; creating incentives to hire new graduates and women; creating incentives to transform informal into formal employment; and establishing social protection systems guaranteeing universal coverage, with the emphasis on woker rather than job protection. It also recommends that the EU upgrade its existing framework for AMC migration not only as a unilateral strategy, but as a cooperative framework for true co-development.
An Interdisciplinary Journal on Mundialization, Development and Social Change Thematic issue: MIGRATION AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
Germany is one of the most successful countries in the world in creating quality employment. This papers looks at the country´s fundamentals as well as some key institutions and policies which lie behind this success. It also examines the political economy which undergirds both institutions and policies. It argues that the principles of cooperation, solidarity and subsidiarity are key to Germany´s success.
Abstract This paper investigates why Greek high school students aspire to emigrate, in relation to their educational and socio-economic background. Through fieldwork research conducted at three specialist high schools in Thessaloniki, three main conclusions have been drawn. Firstly, potential emigrants are ambitious, with high educational and professional expectations and a clear migration plan. Secondly, they are middle and upper middle class and excel at school—in socio-economic and educational terms, they therefore constitute the most dynamic Greek youths. Thirdly, in a period of recession on a European level, the alarming fact is that student emigration can undermine recovery for a country in crisis such as Greece. That is, middle-class shrinkage caused by the recession can be aggravated by emigration, which in turn might cost the loss of developmental human resources for Greece and a deepening of the recession. This can further stimulate migration, resulting in a vicious circle between crisis and emigration. Furthermore, if potential emigrants do not return because temporary emigration for studies becomes permanent migration for work, the economic crisis is worsened, and Greece’s prospects for development are further undermined.
EBRD Transition Report 2018-19, 'Work in Transition'
Martin, P. 2018 'Enabling Women to Work More Productively', in EBRD Transition Report 2018-19 'Work in Transition, Chapter 2 'Skills, Employment and Automation', p.432018 •
Studies in Political Economy. A Socialist Review
From productive to cognitive dependence: knowledge-based economies and highly qualified migrants in Latin America2019 •
Since the 1990s, labour markets in the core countries have been extending recruitment fields into other countries to meet the growing demand for qualified workers, creating a situation of international competition. Rethinking the Marxian dependence approach, this paper posits that the international migration of highly qualified workers would account for the consolidation of a specific geography, which includes dominance by knowledge-based economies. The new social formations that arise from the migration of qualified workers bring to the fore the issue of international division of labour and knowledge. In this context, the agenda of knowledge-based economies shows the new forms of contradiction between dependence and development.
2019 •
The study therefore explored how international migration affect economic development or prosperity taking into consideration competition for labour, integration, livelihood diversity, housing, micro and macroeconomic point of view. It was concluded with evidence (using multiple regressions and VAR time-series analysis) to the effect that, immigration affect economic prosperity positively but it degree or magnitude of effect is dependent on the country under consideration but on the average, immigration had an insignificant positive effect on economy with respect to the selected countries (Germany, Norway and Sweden).
Macro Talent Management in Emerging and Emergent Markets: A Global Perspective, New York City/London: Routledge.
Macro talent management in Russia: Addressing entangled challenges in managing talent on the country level2018 •
International Migration
Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Evidence on Brain Drain Grounding the Review of Albania’s and Bulgaria’s Experience12009 •
Diversities (Formerly International Journal on Multicultural Societies)
Any Freitas, Antonina Levatino & Antoine Pécoud (2012) "Introduction: New Perspectives on Skilled Migration". Diversities. 14(1): 1-7.2012 •
2012 •
2013 •
2006 •
2006 •
SSRN Electronic Journal
Brain Circulation and the Role of the Diaspora in the Balkans - Albania, Kosova and Macedonia2000 •
2020 •
Southeast European and Black Sea Studies
The economic impact of immigration in Greece: taking stock of the existing evidence2009 •
Employment Policies in South-East Europe
The job crisis in Kosovo: an assessment of the country's employment policy2012 •
IMISCOE Research Series
New and Old Routes of Portuguese Emigration. Uncertain Futures at the Periphery of Europe2019 •
Journal of Education and Educational Development
Perceptions of International Student Mobility: A Qualitative Case Study2019 •
South-North Migration of EU Citizens in Times of Crisis
Immobility in Times of Crisis? The Case of Greece2006 •