Housing is one of the fundamental needs for human to respond their primary needs such as food, rest, cleaning and having family, in other words, everything that related to the needs of body and soul of a human. Nowadays by increasing the population in the world the suitable shelter becomes a real problem. In the point of economic also the prices of the houses increase too much so it is not affordable for low-income people to have shelter easily. After the revolution in Iran country, there is huge immigration from the rural part to metropolitan areas. Most of these peoples belong to a low-income family, new couples and labours. Governments try to solve this problem by creating some policies. The aim of this study is to analyze the crime in affordable houses located in suburbs area. This research will answer the important factor that causes crime in affordable housing in suburbans. The case study in this research is Mehr houses created for low-income people in Iran. This research anal...

Crime is a complex phenomenon and has various cumulative effects on the aspects of finance and psychology such as the loss of property, insurance, justice, victimization and security.

In recent decades, crime levels have given increasing cause for alarm, bringing material and immaterial consequences that have still to be properly understood. Anti-crime strategies urgently need to be implemented in order to promote safe communities and contribute to their sustainable development. Crime needs to be taken into account during the planning process, as valuable components can be provided that can offer effective approaches to crime prevention and the improvement of community safety. These almost inevitably require long-term, strategic and multi-disciplinary interventions for urban and suburban areas, such as Amadora in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). Crime, and especially the fear of crime, affects the mental and physical wellbeing of victims, causing behavioural alterations, with serious consequences for the whole community. It is also the main contributor to the decline of quality of life in urban areas in Portugal. This paper assesses: i) the relationship betwee...

Due to the significant impact of criminality on the quality of life in a particular territory, criminality is attracting more and more attention from local authorities which are trying to reduce it. In this respect, the concept of CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) which is quite often used outside of Slovakia and is based on prevention of criminality through the appropriate design of urban environments , seems to be useful. The study offers the characteristics of CPTED principles and also suggests possibilities for its application within inner-city criminality on model territories of the city of Prešov (Slovakia) as an usable way of reducing crime in other mainly East-central European cities.

It is well understood that concern about crime not only arises from being the victim of a criminal act. Criminal violence reported in the media, the traumatic experiences of family members or even the broken window of a car can generate fear. It is, therefore, not surprising that fear of crime affects people more than actual crime and that perceptions of crime that feed this fear have become a social problem. In this study I analyse perceptions of crime in Spanish neighbourhoods and the impact of a series of individual and environmental characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, residential mobility, family structure and population density, on those perceptions. Given the link that is often made between immigration and crime, the relationship between national origin of neighbourhood residents and their perceptions of crime and vandalism in their neighbourhoods is given special attention. Detailed analysis of perceived crime in Spain’s 34,251 census tracks and a comparison between rural areas, towns, medium-sized and large cities are important and new elements provided by this study.

Various criminal problems surround us leading to discomfort in a residential area. Thus, this study focuses on how the contributory elements in natural access control can solve the problems of crime based on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). The study aims to examine the layout of housing design that can cause crime in neighbourhoods area. Guideline and concepts of CPTED can improve the quality of life, reduce or prevent crime, and create a safe, secure living environment. The objectives are to identify the elements of CPTED that are related to natural access control, examine the contributory that influence based on natural access control in housing residential, and propose the characteristics of natural access control. Data collection was carried out by using observation and questionnaires. One hundred and thirty-one respondents have participated in this research. The study has found a lack of pedestrian walkways, good lighting, and moderate landscape elements ...

Physical environment of neighbourhood such as vehicle parking, bus stops and playgrounds are some of the elements that need to be addressed in affecting ensure that the safety and security of neighbourhood community. However, if these physical facilities are not maintained, it is able to transform into "risky facilities". The objective of this study was emphasized to identify for elements in the physical environment that can influence criminal conduct alleged in the neighbourhood based on the perspective of the local neighbourhood. There were 100 of questionnaires were distributed to respondents in local residents. Data were obtained from some respondents who were in the neighbourhood of selected case studies. Results of data analysis were based on 11 factors that include two key elements which consist of physical and management elements. These 11 elements are as roads, sidewalks, signage, lighting, building and facility conditions, building design, maintenance, janitorial...

Human settlements have constantly provided to accommodate the wellbeing, security and the prosperity of their residents regarding plan and closeness of area to water, sustenance and other crucial assets. Safety and security have been critical issues all through history, from the early ancient period to medieval and present-day urban areas. In light of the populace development and quick urbanization that propels everywhere throughout the world, crime has turned out to be a standout amongst the most genuine social issues. Regardless, this issue is as yet uncertain as crime rates far and wide continue heightening. Dealing with and diminishing the pessimistic impacts of crime on human life will provoke more conspicuous controls and further welcome more enthusiasm of both the general population and the Community. This exploration will talk about crime and economical design concerning man and its condition with a view to decreasing the effect it has on man and nature. Designers and other design experts should mull over the encompassing condition keeping in mind the end goal to lessen. The design of structures and the game plan public offices and other outside spaces can influence the chance of crime and the level of dread of crime.

The ecological theory of crime was first introduced into criminology by the Cartographic School of Criminology in the 19th century. Ecological theories of crime were further developed by the Chicago School of Criminology in the early 20th century. Contemporary ecological theories include routine activity theory, crime pattern theory, and rational choice theory. The impact of the ecological perspective in scientific research of crime is noticeable in today's studies too. Modern scientists, researchers, and practitioners study crime by using the geographic information system, statistical and geostatistical methods, and crime mapping. The empirical research on the spatial patterns and concentration of crime in the City of Nis, Republic of Serbia, was conducted on the research sample of property crimes and violent crimes committed in the years 2008, 2013 and 2018. All the cases were geocoded into spatial units which represent urban and suburban areas in the territory of the City of Niš. Descriptive statistics was used to identify the urban areas with the highest crime rate. Andersen's Spatial Point Pattern Test (SPPT) was used to check the research hypothesis that the spatial patterns of crime are stable over time. This hypothesis has not been confirmed as the findings show that criminal activity demonstrates a trend of moving away from the central city zones towards the urban (residential) areas and suburban settlements. The results of this empirical research are of scientific and practical value. This spatial analysis of crime is among the first analysis of this kind in Serbia and the Balkans, and it was the very first time in the region that such analysis involved the application of the Spatial Point Pattern Test (SPPT). The research results maybe useful when creating security strategies and crime prevention policies by the police, decision-makers, and other stakeholders.