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Americans spend $392 billion in prescribed medication per Washington post; Wall Street Journal study compared branded rugs in Ontario, Canada, England, Norway the findings confirmed that United States prices were higher prices than Norway; and England. United States with the highest prices contribute to price gouging? EpiPen by Mylan from $2 overseas and $750; Daraprim by Turning Pharmaceuticals gouge from $13.50 to $750 per pill; and Cosmegen $20 to $30 overseas and $1400 per injection these prices are horrendous especially when the drugs are required for debilitating diseases. Ebola scare in 2014 required protective devices against contamination of the virus. Kimberly Clark and Halyard Health manufactured, marketed, and sold Microcool gowns with a 77% failure rate as confirmed by Intertek Labs. What contributes to the pharmaceutical unethical conduct that includes price gouging and exploitation? Pharmaceuticals growing with an emphasis on buying rights to drugs and drastically increasing the cost of drugs and medical devices without substitutes ethical; what do millennials who are projected by Fortune to dominate the workforce by 2020 think on ethics within pharmaceuticals? The findings confirmed that the pharmaceuticals price gouging, sale of drugs and products that are later recalled, and huge budgets in marketing instead of R&D weren’t ethical and results confirmed that the pharmaceutical companies should focus on their core which is saving patients’ lives. JEL: L60, L65, I18 A14, L29, K32, M14
Integration of moral values with ethics for sustainable development in the auto industry research analysis on 5 auto industry related incidents; GM faulty ignition left 100 dead and paid $2 billion in civil settlements and fines; and Toyota recall of the unintended acceleration caused 89 deaths United States and costed over $1.2 billion to address the economic loss. The 1978 recall of the 14.5 million Firestone and 2000 Ford Explorers highway rollovers equipped with firestone tires killed 271 people; Takata defective airbags by Japanese Auto makers agreed to pay $1 billion in penalties and fines in recall of 70 million airbags in 42 million vehicles with 11 deaths and 150 injuries and 100 million worldwide recalls; and Volkswagen emission deceptions in violation of Clean Air Act and with payment of $4.3 billion in criminal and civil penalties with overall settlement of $22 billion in fines and settlement in United States for 600, 000 vehicles. What are the perspectives on ethics and sustainability in the auto industry by millennials who are projected dominate the workforce Auto Industry by 2020? The research findings detailed the agreement of participants that Volkswagen cheating software; Firestone treads peeling off; Takata airbag explosions; and Toyota sticky gas pedals were all unethical actions; the strategies shared by participants included selection of individuals with moral thus improving company culture. JEL: L62, Q52, Q53, D23, D83, F63 M12, M14, K32, O13, Q54, Q56
In the United States, highly competitive market outsourcing benefits are correlated to low consumer prices, growth in sales, and taking over market shares leaving competitors tailgating your organization. The high costs associated with adhering to the United States manufacturing regulations that include adherence to Clean Air Act that controls the pollution levels; Clean Water Act; Occupation Safety and Health Act; labor; and disposal regulations among others are leading reasons for the attraction of companies to outsource to global markets that have fewer regulations. Global outsourcing ventures in manufacturing sectors carry a perception of unethical conduct that involves long hour with low wages, physically abused, and poor working conditions, among consumers. The researchers’ objective was for an opportunity to acquire and understand millennials perspectives on the integration of individual moral values with ethics and millennials personal implications on sustainable development in Apple’s manufacture outsourcing. Consumer millennials decision to purchase Apple products contributes to Apple’s sustainability development; would the millennial’s access to the unethical practices in the manufacturing sway purchasing decisions. The face to face interviews gained insight if millennials considered individual morals and ethics in making purchasing decisions. The interviewed population for the research was millennials ages 18 to 34 who
Social responsibility, animal welfare, and environmental responsibility are essential practices in sustainably sourced products. The industry leaders in ethical sourcing and sustainable development are paving the way while the followers are lagging; how can the industry continue the upward trend in sourcing ethically and improving sustainability? Gaining brand loyalty and increase of sales while sourcing ethically and sustainably is the emphasis of this research, millennials as sample participants are projected to dominate the workforce by 2020. What are the millennials perspectives on integrating moral values to ensure ethical sourcing and sustainable development? Consumers are now more than ever aware of where products are sourced from, the treatment and living conditions of workers who grow the products, and the use of land without care of sustainability measures. The voluntary ethical sourcing can be linked to company who are moving towards caring for the environment and humanity thus ethical sourcing and maintaining the process has become essential and more especially the millennials who are the focus on this research are ferociously loyal to ethically sourced and sustainable brands. JEL: L60, L66, L15 N5, Q13, Q50, Q56, Q58, J43 M14, M16, D23, D83
Today’s markets are competitive and its evident that excellence in our operations, providing consumers with a phenomenal experience, and acting in ethical behavior can be challenging thus creating pressure to meet objectives within organizations. The government Accountability Office estimated that the financial crisis of 2008 cost the United States economy an estimated 22 trillion dollars. Research has documented that government regulations alone don’t deter organizations from unethical conduct, there are several laws and penalties imposed yet under the pressure to stay competitive, the organizations are even today caught in unethical conduct with Wells Fargo as the latest scandal. The objective of this research was to inquire and understand millennials viewpoints on corporate scandals; leaders and workers’ integration of individual morals with ethics; and the impact of the unethical conduct on organizations sustainability. Organizations are the powerhouse of our economy and if not handled ethically will contribute to turmoil to the United States and the world; the integration of individual moral that we have within us from our foundation as children with ethics and adherence of the code of conduct will lead to sustainable organizations, 2013; Shahriar & Diken, 2016). Organizational ethics as shared by Chron entails the standards and principles whereby business is conducted via honor and responsibility, compassion, and fairness; code of conduct is core detailing business principles to guide the organization as the ethical philosophy contributes to productivity and sustainability (Kelchner, 2017; Suttle, 2017; Valentine, Hollingworth, & Eidsness (2014). A healthy organization with solid reputation also contributes to organizational sustainability; this can be achieved when leaders’ individual moral values are in play and leaders encourages workers to work with integrity and honesty thus enhancing organizational reputation in the business and society (Kelchner, 2017; Lawrence & Weber, 2017; Solomon, 1992; Murphy, 1993). JEL: D12, P36, P46, D53, G15
The 21st century consumers are mindful of problems that impact social and environmental sustainability, fast fashion’s main emphasis is faster turnaround from factories to stay competitive thus some retail companies aren’t paying keen attention on the ethics in apparel production factories (Bhasin, 2014, June 04; Tan, 2016). According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO) forced labor is a worldwide concern affecting 21 million people; simply put there are 3 out of every 1,000 victims who are part of forced labor within Asia-Pacific with 11.7 million and other regions as shown in Appendix A (Mcclelland, 2017). 260 million children partake in employment with an estimate of 170 million children engaged in apparel making; ILO estimated that 6 million children are in forced labor with 14 to 16 working hour days in poor working conditions with reported cases in Bangladesh apparel factories; yarn spinning in India; cotton seeds production in Benin; and harvesting cotton in Uzbekistan (Moulds, 2017; Peiris, 2005). Ashridge Centre for Business and Sustainability, and Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) confirmed that 71% of companies admitted to cases of modern slavery in their supply chain; with 168 million child labor cases in 2017 and a proven improvement from 246 million cases in 2000 (Mcclelland, 2017). Can apparel suppliers and retailers tackle the unethical practices that are impacting humanity and integrate practices that would ensure social sustainability? The focus of this research was for an opportunity to acquire and understand millennials perspectives on the unethical conduct and fashion industry with relevance to apparel sourcing, manufacturing, industry sustainability. JEL: L60, L67, M14, D29, K20
The pressure to gain market share in competitive markets plays a role in expedited production, less time in research and development, and minimal product testing; these actions leave the flaws to be pinpointed by consumers instead of the respective companies. Product recalls are an economic threat to suppliers and manufacturers and a main concern to the public’s health; the complexity of a globalized supply chain with areas of unregulated safety standards contribute to increase in recalls. The adoption of technology and ease in usage of smart devices equipped with access to social media has provided consumers with the power to report malfunctions to larger audience and government agencies thus directly influencing consumer behavior. The cost incurred by companies after a recall are estimated at $55.5 billion a year including mortality, productivity losses, and medical expenses; specifically, the direct cost to the food company can go up to $10 million on lost sales and brand image reputation. The ethics within industries; what motivates industries from not being forthcoming and delaying the recall of products that cause harm to others and need to be recalled? Research focused on eliciting millennial perspectives on safety recalls on significant consumable products, baby products, and technology related recalls with emphasis on the CPSC recall of 1.9 million Galaxy Note 7 and 2.8 million top-load washers for a total of 4.7 million recalled products in 7 weeks a period from September 15 to November 04, 2016. JEL: D18, L60, M11, A14, F23, M14
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology
Intellectual Property and the Global Crisis of Non-Communicable Disease2017 •
This Article reconsiders the drugs-for-the-developing world debate that has taken place in the shadow of free trade liberalization. For the last twenty years, this debate has centered on a supposedly zero-sum conflict between access to drugs for residents of the “third world” and incentives for pharmaceutical multinationals to invest in research and development. Underlying this debate is the assumption that the developing-world health crisis involves primarily a crisis of infectious disease. Because drugs for such ailments lack developed world markets, it is easy to imagine that robust pharmaceutical patents are globally necessary if the poor are to obtain any drugs at all. Global public health reality, however, is quite different. Mortality and morbidity in developing countries are increasingly attributable to those same non- communicable diseases (“NCDs”) that plague developed countries. Drugs for such conditions already have highly profitable developed world markets. Therefore, making developing-world populations pay patent-inflated prices encourages rent-seeking by multinationals rather than incentivization. While little noticed in the developed world, the importance of the NCD crisis has not been lost on developing world actors. This Article is the first to document a recent worldwide trend of developing-world courts and administrative agencies breaking with strict patent rights for NCD drugs. It argues that attentive policy makers can seize the opportunity provided by the crisis that developed world populism is creating for liberalizing globalization. If renegotiating free trade is back on the agenda, they need only look to what developing countries have already been doing, at least in the realm of intellectual property rights.
This paper examines whether corruption and dishonesty are still major issues after huge debacles such as Enron and the Great Recession of 2008. Sadly, little has changed and the moral compass is broken at many organizations; greed still reigns. Examples from the financial, automobile, retailing, and accounting industries are provided to demonstrate that many leaders have no qualms about selling dangerous products or using dubious accounting to maximize profit. Apparently, little has changed: organizational leaders and boards may be paying lip service to the importance of integrity and ethics but are not practicing what they preach
SSRN Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY; Elsevier, Amsterdam, ID N° 3397618, Jun. 1, 2019.
An overview of the global pharma industry´s new trends (2019)This study is a synthesis of the three main drivers that are exerting influence on the global pharmaceutical industry: 1) mergers and acquisitions, 2) R&D changes, and 3) a new pricing context. During the last decades, there has been a revolution in drug discovery and development thanks to pharmacogenomics, proteomics, molecular biology, bioinformatics, biomarker-driven studies, systems therapeutics, drug-target interaction prediction and artificial intelligence. However, there are signs that a problem of excessive pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is creating awareness among stakeholders that this situation is unsustainable with clear consequences for the global pharmaceutical industry´s predominant business model.
2020 •
2017 •
Turning Things into Assets: New Lineaments in the Study of Technoscientific Capitalism. K. Birch & F. Muniesa (eds.) MIT Press, forthcoming.
Patents as Assets: Intellectual Property Rights as Market Subjects and Objects.2019 •
People & Strategy
Values-Based Leadership During the Transformation of Health Care2019 •
Health for the millions
Political Economy of Healthcare in India (special issue of journal Health for the Millions)Advertising Research: The Internet, Consumer Behavior, and Strategy
Advertising ethics: It’s more than avoiding deception and protecting children2000 •
2011 •
Theory, Culture and Society
Pharmaceutical Capitalism and its Logistics: Access to Hepatitis C Treatment2018 •
Australia and New Zealand Health Policy
Challenges for Australia's Bio/Nanopharma Policies: trade deals, public goods and reference pricing in sustainable industrial renewal2007 •
Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics
The perception of Muslim motifs and juridical authorities of the concept of health and its function in issuing fatwas on abortion2017 •
SSRN Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY; Elsevier, Amsterdam, ID N° 3187620, May 30, 2018.
Pharmaceutical prescription quality measurement and the problem of the prevention of inappropriate prescriptions: A review (2018)Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation
Analysis of Manufacturing Costs in Pharmaceutical Companies2008 •
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Industry Review
An A-Z Pharmaceutical Industry: Bangladesh Perspective2019 •