Yalnızlık olgusu, ait olma ile yakından ilişkilidir. Ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik açılardan ait olma hissini yaşayamayan ergenler, yalnızlıkla karşı karşıya gelmektedir. Pek çok farklı etken yalnızlığa neden olmaktadır. Fakat anne baba tutumlarının baskın etkisi göz ardı edilemez niteliktedir. Anne-baba desteğinden yoksun olan ergen kaygı, korku ve yalnızlık duygusu yaşayabilmektedir Anne ve babaların çocuklarına karşı tutumları; bireyler üzerinde uzun veya kısa süreli, olumlu veya olumsuz etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, lise öğrencilerinin anne baba tutum algılarına göre yalnızlık düzeylerinin farklı değişkenlerle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, İzmir ili Karşıyaka ilçesindeki devlet liseler arasından tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenen okullarda ve çalışmanın amacı açıklanan 585 ergen üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama araçlarını; öğrencilere çevresi ve ebeveynleriyle ilgili soruların yer aldığı kişisel bilgi formu, öğrencilerin ebeveynlerinin tutumlarını nasıl algıladıklarını değerlendirmeye yönelik anne baba tutum ölçeği ve lise öğrencilerinin algılanan yalnızlık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla kullanılan UCLA Yalnızlık Envanteri oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilere ölçekler uygulandıktan sonra elde edilen veriler SPSS 23 Windows paket programı kullanılarak uygun istatiksel tekniklerle analiz edilmiş ve tablolar yardımıyla yorumlanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarından lise öğrencilerinin yalnızlık düzeyleri ve yaş, cinsiyet, sosyoekonomik düzey gibi çevresel değişkenler ile algılanan anne baba tutumları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yalnızlık, ergenlik, anne baba tutumu. Abstract Th e sense of loneliness is related with the sense of belonging. Th e students without sense of belonging in terms of economical, social, and psychological factors are facing loneliness. Many diff erent factors may cause loneliness. But the dominant infl uences of parental attitudes is irreplaceable.. Th e adolecent, that is deprived of parent support, suff ers from anxiety, fear and loneliness. Parental attitudes toward the children may produce long-term or short-term positive or negative eff ects on the individuals. In this study, it was aimed to examine the loneliness levels of hıgh school students according to their parents’ attitude perceptions with diff erent variables. Th e study was carried out among 585 adolescents that was determined by random sampling in the high schools at the province of karşıyaka, izmir and explained the purpose of the study. Th e data collection tools include a personal information form in which students are asked to answer the questions about their environment and their parents as well as parental attitude scale to measure how students perceive their parents’ attitudes, and the UCLA loneliness ınventory used to determine the perceived loneliness levels of hıgh school students. Aft er the scales were applied to the students, the obtained results were evaluated. Th e data were analyzed with the appropriate statistical techniques using spss 23 windows package program and interpreted with the help of tables. Th e results of the analysis indicated that the loneliness levels of hıgh school students and the environmental variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic level and the perceived parental attitudes were statistically significant. Keywords: Loneliness, adolescents, parenting style.

ABSTRACT “The memory needs space, and is inherently inclined to identify space”, (Assmann, 2015, p.47). This paper investigates the memory-place-space relationship with reference to the spaces dedicated to events which caused widespread indignation in the society, culminating in an analysis of the transposition of architecture against this background. The relationship of the painful events which took place throughout the history, with memory, place and space is well-known. “Even though initially remembering looks like an abstract process, it is actually a tangible one entailing spaces and objects as well. Functioning as a significant element of memory, space gains an even more central position and meaning in the case of traumatic events in particular” [2, p.238]. The spaces such events actually took place are among the leading factors which carve them permanently into the minds of people. The spaces recalling and/or evoking the traumatic events which entail references to the collective mind address the emotions of individuals, and convey the traces of the event thus experienced, to the users. The literature uses the terms memory spaces, black tourism spots, sorrow tourism spots and so on to refer to these spaces, which are undoubtedly among the popular destinations to visit. Events which deeply affected the societies and which caused sorrow are, in subsequent years, exhibited in various forms so as to remind history to the society, invoking different emotions among different individuals, and serving as reminders and educational artifacts. Through such spaces which effectively serve as a piece of advice to future generations, the causes and effects of the traumas worldwide are conveyed, and the positive and negative aspects of the history of mankind are reflected.During the development of spaces dedicated to such events, one of the two distinct approaches may prevail. The first one puts the “place” where the event took place at the center, and organizes the space “right there”, while the second focuses rather on the “trauma” experienced, and organizes the space “at a different place” with a view to reaching out to wider audiences. Both approaches are basically concerned about somehow conveying the trauma to the visitors. This paper investigates and discusses the relationship between memory, place and space in these two distinct approaches, with reference to certain leading traumatic spaces from different countries. The examples referred to are selected on the basis of these two approaches, and the discussion revolves around the positioning “there” or “somewhere else”. The study attempts a method based on the emotional phrases experienced by the people in two different traumatic spaces, and interprets the results in the light of this duality: “There: Place” and “Somewhere else: Replace”. Key Words: Space; Place; Replace; Memory; Traumatic Space.

The aim of this research was to describe the psychosocial traits of preschool teachers and to investigate the correlations between these traits. Designed according to the relational screening method, participants in this research comprised 102 teachers working in independent preschools and preschool classes linked to primary schools in Canakkale province. To collect psychosocial data, the research used a personal information form, semi-structured interview form, the Empathic Tendency Scale, Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Burnout Measures-Short Form and Self-Efficacy Scale. Findings obtained in the research showed that having a model (teacher, friend and family) was more effective than other factors in preschool teachers choosing this profession. Nearly, half of the teachers (49%) stated they would choose preschool teaching again if they had the chance, while the remaining teachers stated they would choose a different area of teaching or a different profession (theology, engineering, medicine, etc.).

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between teachers' psychological needs and perceived stress levels. First of all, the differentiation status of teachers' psychological needs and perceived stress levels in terms of gender, type of institution and type of the school variables was examined. Then, the psychological need's level of predicting the perceived stress was tested. This research was carried out by descriptive survey design. For this purpose, Personal Information Form, Perceived stress level scale and Psychological needs scale were applied to 498 primary school teachers (317 female 63.7% and 181 male 36.3%). T test, F test and multiple linear regression analysis were applied in addition to descriptive statistics in the analysis of data. According to the results obtained from the research, it was found that the dominance needs of teachers working in private schools were significantly higher than the teachers working in public schools. It was determined that the psychological needs of teachers do not vary by gender, but the perceived stress levels of female teachers were significantly higher than male teachers. Besides, it was concluded that primary school teachers' need for relationship and secondary school teachers' need for autonomy were significantly higher compared to teachers working in other institutions. It was also determined that the needs for success, autonomy and dominance from among psychological needs significantly predicted the perceived stress. The results obtained from the research were interpreted and suggestions for further research were put forward.

The high school years that correspond to the period when the symptoms of adolescence are most intense are also a time when important decisions are made. On one hand adapting to the physical emotional and intellectual developments, on the other hand deciding on the choice of the profession and furthermore being in a fight with the whole world, is making the period even more challenging Satisfaction from life in these stormy years can become more difficult than ever. The aim of this research is to investigate the factors that may affect life satisfaction in adolescence. Relational screening model was used in the study. The study group of the research consists of 311 high school students from different high schools. Personal information form developed by researchers and Life Satisfaction Scale whose Turkish adaptation is made by Köker (1991) and Yetim (1993) is used as data collection tool. SPSS 20 program is used for analyzing the data. Statistical techniques to be used as a result of normality analysis were determined. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for determining the relationships between variables, t-test was used for examining binary variables, ANOVAwas used for three and more categorical variables. Survey results show that there is no significant difference in life satisfaction in terms of gender variable, school type, number of siblings and academic achievement. It has been found that there is a strong positive relationship between life satisfaction and family satisfaction. Also, as the class level increased, the level of life satisfaction decreased. The findings were discussed and interpreted in light of the literature.

Western economies especially European Union members states and eastern states like a Russian Federation have covered a lot of ground as a economical and political bilateral relations after Cold War period. In this context energy sources have played a vital role. Some kind of criteria are very important for understand to vital role of energy sources above bilateral relations just like this centuries name is energy century, increasing of world energy consumption, one side has a rich state in terms of energy sources and the other side is important energy consumer. In this context Russian Federation is an important energy source supplier for Europe, European Union as well as member states and continent are an important energy market for the Russian Federation. At this point it is possible to admit that energy is an important dynamic in determining the position of the parties in the bilateral relations and energy balances the sides together in the context of interdependence. This balance is not an unshakeable balance despite its establishment by making the parties mutually dependent and it is observed that they are shaken from time to time. The economic sanctions that the European Union has put into the force against Russian Federation and Russian Federation's habit of using the energy card as a weapon of diplomatic sanctions which important actions have shaken the balance. Developments in the international arena are other factors that shake the balance and the Ukrainian crisis is an important example at this point. But the developments after the crisis caused the Ukrainian case to become the main element from other elements. Because the crisis in the balance between the parties caused hard damage to repair and decision makers preferred orientation towards alternative formations rather than solution. It is possible to say that the parties continue their shaky activities and this policies considerably effective to crisis persists. In this context, the paper examines and analyzes the balance which constituted basis interdependance with energy theme and known shaking and actions of parties with effects of shaken. As a result, it is observed that the equilibrium has been shaken and it is seen that the Russian Federation is affected more economically. The Putin administration is finding out that the problems caused by the shaking of the subject as a solution will lead to the eastern alternative energy market to the west.

The study aims to investigate the social entrepreneurship characteristics of prospective teachers who are studying in the faculty of education in the 2018–2019 academic year in terms of their attitudes towards the teaching profession and their self-efficacy perceptions. The population of the research conducted with correlational research design constitutes 520 teacher candidates from 6 different education faculties of universities in Turkey’s three big cities. Social entrepreneurship, teacher self-efficacy and teaching profession attitude scales were used to collect the data. Correlation technique and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis were performed to analyze the data of the study. All sub-dimensions of social entrepreneurship scale have a significant and positive relationship with teacher self-efficacy and teaching profession attitudes according to the findings of the study. Besides, it was found that prospective teachers’ social entrepreneurship perceptions significantly predicted their attitudes towards the teaching profession and their self-efficacy beliefs.

Amaç: Son yıllardaki sosyo-ekonomik değişiklikler, istikrarsızlık ve iş güvensizliği, ergenlerde geleceğe yönelik olumsuz beklentilerin oluşmasına neden oluyor. Bunları dikkate alan yaşam tasarımı yaklaşımı ergenlerin kendilerini geleceğe ve kariyer planlamasına olumlu bir şekilde yansıtabilmeleri için umut, iyimserlik ve düşük kötümserlik gibi geleceğe dair olumlu yapılara dikkat çeker. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ginevra ve arkadaşları (2016) tarafından lise öğrencilerinin kariyer planlamalarında geleceğe yönelik olumlu eğilimlerini (umut, iyimserlik ve düşük kötümserlik) ölçmek amacıyla geliştirilen Gelecek Vizyonları Ölçeğininin (GVÖ) Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarını yapmaktır. Yöntem: Gerekli izinler mail yoluyla alındıktan sonra ölçek maddeleri, iki İngilizce öğretmeni ve psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışan üç uzman tarafından Türkçeye çevrilmiştir. Türkçeye çevirilen ölçek maddeleri psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışan ve İngilizceye hakim üç öğretim üyesine incelettirilmiştir. Böylece Türkçe ölçeğin uygulama formuna son hali verilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 586 (319 kız, 267 erkek) lise öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin faktör yapısını incelemek için 330 öğrenci, test-tekrar test güvenirlik analizi için 98 öğrenci, uyum geçerliğini incelemek için de 158 öğrenci çalışmaya katılmıştır. Ölçeğin dilsel eşdeğerliğini incelemek için ise çalışmaya 15 İngilizce öğretmeni katılmıştır. Araştırmada öğrencilerin cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf ve ailenin algılanan sosyo-ekonomik durumuna ilişkin soruların yer aldığı demografik bilgi formu ile Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılan Gelecek Vizyonları Ölçeği, Diener ve arkadaşları (1985) tarafından geliştirilen ve Köker (1991) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği ve Savickas ve Porfeli (2012) tarafından geliştirilen ve Büyükgöze-Kavas (2014) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Kariyer Uyum Yetenekleri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Uyarlama çalışması kapsamında ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik, madde analizi, test-tekrar test güvenirliği, dilsel eş değerliği, iç tutarlığı ve yapı geçerliği incelenmiştir. Analizlerin yapılmasında SPSS 25 ve AMOS 22 istatistik paket programları kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin Türkçe formunun orijinal ölçekteki yapıda olduğu ve bu yapının kabul edilebilir uyum iyiliği indekslerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür (χ2= 278.20, sd= 132, χ2/sd= 2.11, RMSEA= .06, CFI= .91, GFI= .92, TLI= .90). Ölçeğin toplam puanına ilişkin Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı .81 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarına ilişkin hesaplanan Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı İyimserlik alt boyutu için .72, Kötümserlik alt boyutu için .70 ve Umut alt boyutu için .84 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin dilsel eş değerliğini belirlemek için yapılan İngilizce ve Türkçe formlar arasındaki korelasyon analizi sonucunda formlar arasında yüksek düzeyde ve pozitif anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülmüştür (r= .81, p< .001). Ölçeğin madde-toplam korelasyonlarının .39 ile .67 arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur. Test-tekrar test uygulanması sonucunda toplam ölçek puanları arasında elde edilen korelasyonun yüksek düzeyde ve anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur (r= .81, p< .001). Ayrıca Gelecek Vizyonları ölçeği ile Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği arasında pozitif ve orta düzeyde (r= .47, p< .001) bir ilişki, Gelecek Vizyonları ölçeği ile Kariyer Uyum Yetenekleri Ölçeği (r= .69, p< .001) arasında pozitif ve yüksek bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara dayanarak GVÖ’nün Türkçe formunun lise öğrencilerinin kariyer planlamalarında geleceğe yönelik olumlu eğilimlerini ölçmek amacıyla kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.

The aim of this study is to reveal the influence of parental child rearing methods on self-perceptions of gifted and ungifted students with structural equation modeling. To achieve this purpose, the study has been carried out in BİLSEM in Mersin city and in multiple elementary state schools. As a descriptive method, causal-comparative method has been used in this study. Accordingly, Demographic Information Questionnaire, Offer Self-image Questionnaire, Parenting Style Inventory have been applied to students. In statistical analysis, Mann Whitney U Test, The Kruskal Wallis H Tests, Chi-Square Test and Path Analysis Techniques have been used. As a result of the study, it is found out that self-perceptions of gifted students are higher than self-perceptions of ungifted students. In SEM (Structural Equation Modeling), parental child rearing methods related to gifted and ungifted students explain the students' self-perceptions at a statistically significant level.