Energy is one of the most important power elements in today's global economy. Countries that are poor in energy resources or unable to assess their available resources are experiencing economic difficulties. Some of them are foreign trade deficits, increased international competition power, inability to increase energy supply security, and obstacles to economic growth. The availability of adequate amounts of renewable energy at the right time has the potential to be a solution to this and other problems. The analysis of the effects of public fiscal balances as a result of interactions and feedback spread throughout the economy constitutes the framework of this work, ensuring that the idle funds under the pillars under the pillars necessary for the emergence of this potential go to renewable energy investments. Accordingly, incentives initially cause an increase in public spending and a decrease in public revenues. But then public expenditures are directly affected positively by rising energy production capacity, falling product prices, improving environmental quality, and employment growth through economic interactions. What directly affects public revenues is the expansion of the tax base. In total and as a result we can say that it is a balance adjustment.

Countries that are in the process of developing are using foreign financing in development to break down the bottleneck they are in and to speed up this process. One of them is foreign aid. Countries claim foreign assistance for three purposes, which are thought to prevent development. These; The inadequacy of internal savings required for development, the inadequacy of capital and technical information, the inadequacy of the external payment means required for imports. But in practice, it is difficult to say that these problems have always been solved. In some cases, external assistance may even cause such problems. Therefore, GOUs should carefully analyze the natural economic consequences of foreign aid and the conditions for receiving foreign aid before using foreign aid. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the real and long-term effects of external aid and the circumstances that cause them. According to this; Foreign aid payments can lead to balance problems, low savings rates, obstacles to growth, and a decrease in the international competitiveness of companies in the country.

The study aimed at investigating the impact of teachers use of folktales on the performance of pupils in reading comprehension in primary schools in Kaduna, Nigeria. The sample of the study consisted of forty (40) primary four pupils from two randomly selected primary school, tagged, school " " and school " " in Kaduna North Local Government " rea. School " " was assigned as the experimental group while school " " was assigned as the control group. " oth groups were taught reading comprehension for eight weeks. A pre-test post-test experimental design for equivalent groups was used. Pupils were tested using reading comprehension test called retelling test. Results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group. This indicates that the use of folktales by teachers in reading comprehension may have a significant positive effect on pupils reading comprehension. " ased on the findings, it was recommended among others, that teachers should use folktales to enrich their reading comprehension lessons and to make such lessons more lively, interesting and meaningful. The reading component of the English Language Curriculum should be organized around stories that are deeply rooted in core values of the society. The curriculum should include reading comprehension passages that are based on folktales that teach moral lessons. Such moral lessons should be deeply rooted in the core values of the society.

This study aims to determine the difficulties that middle school mathematics teachers have in teaching integers, the analogies they use to solve these difficulties, and the efficiency of these analogies. The study was conducted with 10 mathematics teachers, 6 females and 4 males, who were working in middle schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education (MNE), selected using the convenience sampling method. The study used the case study design among the qualitative research methods. The data were collected using open-ended questions and analyzed using descriptive and content analysis. The findings were presented under three categories which are the difficulties they have in teaching integers, the curriculum on the subject of integers, and the analogies found in textbooks or used by teachers and their efficiency. Recommendations were made based on these findings. Centralized Early Childhood Development Policy of the early childhood education.

Bir toplumda, inançlar, ideolojiler ya da insanlar arasında kabul görmüş, benimsenmiş ve yaşatılmaya devam eden insani, içtimai, ideolojik veya ilahi kaynaklı her türlü davranış, duyuş, düşünüş, kural ya da kıymetlerin tamamı olarak tanımı yapılan değer; 21. yüzyılda gelişen ve değişen dünyamızla beraber; insanlarda ve toplumlarda meydana gelen ahlaki yozlaşma ve değerler sisteminin bozulması, gibi nedenlerden dolayı eğitimine ihtiyaç duyulan ve gün geçtikçe de bu kapsamda değerlerin eğitimine verilen önemin artmasına neden olmuştur. Tamda bu noktada insanoğlunun tarihin en eski devirlerinden beri vazgeçilmez parçalarından birini oluşturan dini ve dünyevi değerlerinin öğretilmesi, nesilden nesile aktarılması ve esasında da toplumlar tarafından en iyi şekilde hatırlanması ve öğretilmesi için sahip olunan değerlerin öğretimi sırasında takip edilen yöntemlerden bazıları ön plana çıkmışlardır. İşte tam bu noktada biz bu çalışmamızda; çoğu zaman tarihte farklı eğitim-öğretim ve meslek grupları tarafından kullanılan misal getirme, temsil ile anlatma olarak da bilinen “Darb-ı Mesel” ile kısaca iyiliği emretme, kötülükten sakındırma olarak bilinen Emr-i bi’l-maruf nehy-i an’il-münker, bireyleri öğrenmeye sevk etmek ve öğrenme motivasyonlarını sağlamak için ödül ve yaptırımlardan yararlanmayı öngören değerler eğitimi yöntemlerini amaçları ve kapsamları noktasında aktarmaya çalıştık.

Yalnızlık olgusu, ait olma ile yakından ilişkilidir. Ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik açılardan ait olma hissini yaşayamayan ergenler, yalnızlıkla karşı karşıya gelmektedir. Pek çok farklı etken yalnızlığa neden olmaktadır. Fakat anne baba tutumlarının baskın etkisi göz ardı edilemez niteliktedir. Anne-baba desteğinden yoksun olan ergen kaygı, korku ve yalnızlık duygusu yaşayabilmektedir Anne ve babaların çocuklarına karşı tutumları; bireyler üzerinde uzun veya kısa süreli, olumlu veya olumsuz etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, lise öğrencilerinin anne baba tutum algılarına göre yalnızlık düzeylerinin farklı değişkenlerle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, İzmir ili Karşıyaka ilçesindeki devlet liseler arasından tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenen okullarda ve çalışmanın amacı açıklanan 585 ergen üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama araçlarını; öğrencilere çevresi ve ebeveynleriyle ilgili soruların yer aldığı kişisel bilgi formu, öğrencilerin ebeveynlerinin tutumlarını nasıl algıladıklarını değerlendirmeye yönelik anne baba tutum ölçeği ve lise öğrencilerinin algılanan yalnızlık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla kullanılan UCLA Yalnızlık Envanteri oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilere ölçekler uygulandıktan sonra elde edilen veriler SPSS 23 Windows paket programı kullanılarak uygun istatiksel tekniklerle analiz edilmiş ve tablolar yardımıyla yorumlanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarından lise öğrencilerinin yalnızlık düzeyleri ve yaş, cinsiyet, sosyoekonomik düzey gibi çevresel değişkenler ile algılanan anne baba tutumları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yalnızlık, ergenlik, anne baba tutumu. Abstract Th e sense of loneliness is related with the sense of belonging. Th e students without sense of belonging in terms of economical, social, and psychological factors are facing loneliness. Many diff erent factors may cause loneliness. But the dominant infl uences of parental attitudes is irreplaceable.. Th e adolecent, that is deprived of parent support, suff ers from anxiety, fear and loneliness. Parental attitudes toward the children may produce long-term or short-term positive or negative eff ects on the individuals. In this study, it was aimed to examine the loneliness levels of hıgh school students according to their parents’ attitude perceptions with diff erent variables. Th e study was carried out among 585 adolescents that was determined by random sampling in the high schools at the province of karşıyaka, izmir and explained the purpose of the study. Th e data collection tools include a personal information form in which students are asked to answer the questions about their environment and their parents as well as parental attitude scale to measure how students perceive their parents’ attitudes, and the UCLA loneliness ınventory used to determine the perceived loneliness levels of hıgh school students. Aft er the scales were applied to the students, the obtained results were evaluated. Th e data were analyzed with the appropriate statistical techniques using spss 23 windows package program and interpreted with the help of tables. Th e results of the analysis indicated that the loneliness levels of hıgh school students and the environmental variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic level and the perceived parental attitudes were statistically significant. Keywords: Loneliness, adolescents, parenting style.

Fieldwork is widely regarded as an essential part of undergraduate education in earth and environmental sciences, and lecturers generally agree that it represents one of the most effective and enjoyable forms of teaching and learning for both staff and students. Field studies provide the opportunity to experiment with a wide variety of different modes of course delivery and have a valuable role as a vehicle for the integration of many theoretical and practical concepts taught within an earth and environmental science degree. Field experience is also seen as vital for the development of students as qualified practitioners in all aspects of these disciplines since a great deal of research in the subject is fieldwork-based (Çalıskan, 2011; Gürgen & Çalışkan, 2009; A. Kent & Foskett, 2000; M. Kent, Gilbertson, & Hunt, 1997).In recent years, the number of students gradually increased despite the decreasing educational resources per capita in the earth and environmental science department...

Misconceptions are one the biggest troubles for both teachers and students. In order to have scientifically valid knowledge, students should have meaningful conceptual understanding. Researchers have been designing studies based on different teaching methods so as to reach beneficial outcomes to handle with misconceptions. In this study, the main purpose is to reveal misconceptions about particulate nature of matter held by middle and high school students in Turkey by examining the related studies done since 2010. In addition, another goals are to see which kind of data gathering instruments have been used frequently and to determine these studies have been implemented in which level, whether middle school or high school. With specific keywords and criteria, 21 related articles were reached and examined. The findings shows that open ended questionnaire or interview forms are the most frequent instruments in order to gather data in the studies which were done for diagnosing misconceptions about particulate nature of matter. The participants of studies are usually from middle school students. Lastly, misconceptions are common among students.