Personality is a characteristic state of attitudes, behaviours, decisions, knowledge, skills, tendencies, abilities, orientations and mental states in individuals. Personality is always exposed to external and internal stimuli. Of all the personality traits, sociotropy and autonomy are very important for school managers to solve discipline problems,such as mobbing, bullying, violation of rules, nonattendance to the courses to manage any crisis, to make decision on critical issues at school environment, because they are responsible to establish order and discipline in the school, and they are effective in the final judgement of any discipline issues at school environment. In the study, we aimed to determine the effects of school managers’ sociotropic and autonomic personality traits on solving bullying problems at school environment. We used Sociotropy Autonomy Scale (SAS), which has 60 items with 5-graded Likert scale, developed by Beck et al and adopted to Turkish by Şahin et al to determine personality traits of the principals and asked them two open-ended questions upon their ways to solve bullying problems at school. At first we applied the SAS to twelve school managers and determined the maximum points to choose the sociotropic and autonomic managers. After analysing the scale, we included three sociotropic and three autonomic school managers in the study. In this way we tried to find out whether sociotropic or autonomic personality trait is better to solve bullying problems at school environment. We used mixed design research method to obtain the necessary data. We concluded that autonomic school principals are more successful to solve bullying problems than sociotropic ones, as they are more determined and stable at taking decisions, solving management crisis and acting patiently, while sociotropic school principals are less successful, as they do not want to break one’s heart and always wish to become friendly to others.

Sözlü Bildiri Özeti (sayfa 409)

The aim of this study was to examine the aggressiveness levels of the individuals who are in different sports branches and who define themselves as spectators of those sports according to different parameters. Research group of the study is composed of 696 people who live in Ankara and define themselves as spectators of a sports branch. The aggression scale developed by Buss and Perry (1992) was used in the research. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 29 items. The normal distribution of the data was examined by Skewness (.417) and Kurtosis (.576) tests and normal distribution of the data was determined. In this context, in the analysis of the data, the independent t-test and One Way Anova test were used as parametric tests. Also, the reliability of the data was determined by Cronbach Alpha internal consistency .82. As a result, a rate of aggression of sports spectators has been found in the middle and higher levels. The highest level of aggression sports spectators were found in combat sports and football branches. In addition, the aggressiveness levels of male spectators are higher than female spectators. Also, the highest level Sub-Dimension of sports spectators were found in physical aggression Sub-Dimension.

The aim of this study was to examine the aggressiveness levels of the individuals who are in different sports branches and who define themselves as spectators of those sports according to different parameters. Research group of the study is composed of 696 people who live in Ankara and define themselves as spectators of a sports branch. The aggression scale developed by Buss and Perry (1992) was used in the research. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 29 items. The normal distribution of the data was examined by Skewness (.417) and Kurtosis (.576) tests and normal distribution of the data was determined. In this context, in the analysis of the data, the independent t-test and One Way Anova test were used as parametric tests. Also, the reliability of the data was determined by Cronbach Alpha internal consistency .822. As a result, a rate of aggression of sports spectators has been found in the middle and higher levels. The highest level of aggression sports spectators were found in combat sports and football branches. In addition, the aggressiveness levels of male spectators are higher than those of female spectators. Also, the highest level Sub-Dimension of sports spectators were found in physical aggression Sub-Dimension.

Giriş ve Amaç : Rekreasyon kavramının amaçları ve hedef kitlesi, her geçen gün kazandığı önem ve bilinirlikle doğru orantılı olarak artmaktadır. Bu ivmeye eşlik eden uzmanlık ve kapsam genişlemesi ise beraberinde branşlaşma eğilimini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla her bilim dalında olduğu gibi rekreasyonda da, daha kısıtlı ve özel kullanıcı kitlelerine hitap eden alt uzmanlık dalları gelişmektedir. Bu dallardan biri de, kullanıcıların hareketlilik (mobilite) ve engellilikleri bağlamında kaybettikleri psikolojik ve fiziksel sağlıklarına kavuşmalarına ve sonrasında da bu durumlarını sürdürmelerine yönelik aktivite bazlı yöntemleri kullanan terapötik rekreasyondur. Yöntem : Terapötik rekreasyonun hareket ve yaşlılık başta olmak üzere baş gösteren hastalık ve engelliliklere yönelik olması bağlamında, bu etkinliklerin gerçekleştirileceği tesis ve alanların da diğer sosyal donatı alanlarına nazaran çok daha büyük oranda ulaşılabilir olmaları esastır. Bununla birlikte, mimari ve inşai müdahale kapsamından çıkan doğal ortamlarda da sürdürülmesi şart olan bu faaliyetlerin, ulaşılabilirlik kriterleri çerçevesinde bazı özel durum ve şartlar arz edeceği açıktır. Bulgular : Bu çalışmada, yapılı çevrenin diğer kamusal fonksiyonlarına nazaran mimari ulaşılabilirlik açısından çok daha ciddi hasaasiyet içeren terapötik rekreasyon alan ve tesislerinin bu bağlamdaki dinamikleri irdelenmektedir. Evrensel tasarım kriterleri doğrultusunda mümkün olan en geniş kullanıcı kitlesine, mümkün olan en verimli hizmeti sunabilmeye yönelik doğru ve etkili mimari tasarım ile ulaşılabilirlik uygulamalarının, alan seçiminden sürdürülebilirliğe uzanan bir ölçekte göz önünde bulundurulması gereken ilkeleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç : Böylece çalışmanın, hazırlanması muhtemel rehber ve benzeri yol gösterici dokümanlar için yol gösterici olması hedeflenmektedir.

Öz Milletlerin değer yargıları, inançları, gelenek ve görenekleri kısacası hayatı algılama biçimleri olan kül-türleri birbirinden farklıdır. Dolayısıyla her milletin eğitimden ve süreç sonundaki çıktı durumundaki öğrenciden beklentileri farklıdır. Bu açıdan eğitimin evrensel nitelikli olması kadar millî ve "kendine özgü" olması da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Teknolojik gelişmelere rağmen hâlen dünyada en yangın kullanılan ders araç gereçlerinin başında ders kitapları gelmektedir. Bu açıdan eğitsel hedeflere ulaşmada üzerine en fazla görev düşen eğitim araçları ders kitaplarıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı temel eğitim ders kitaplarında Orhun Yazıtlarının durumunun tespit edilmesidir. Doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle yü-rütülen araştırma kapsamında 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı ve çeşitli yayınevleri tarafından ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise düzeyinde kullanılmak üzere yayınlanmış Türkçe, Hayat Bilgisi, Sosyal Bilgiler, Tarih, T.C. İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük ile Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı ders kitap-ları Orhun Yazıtları ile ilgili içerik ve görsel açısından değerlendirilmiştir. 24 ders kitabının incelendiği araştırmanın sonucunda ilkokul ders kitaplarında Orhun Yazıtlarıyla ilgili herhangi bir bilgi ve görsele yer verilmediği ortaokul ve lise düzeyinde ise çok sınırlı bir biçimde yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir.

The purpose of this study is to find out and compare the factors effective in brand preferences of the students of Ondokuz Mayıs University Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences in Turkey and Instituto Politecnico da Guarda Faculty of Sports in Portugal in terms of sports products. 266 students (170 male, 96 female) attending sports faculties in Turkey and Portugal participated in this study. A questionnaire about the sports products preferences developed by Tozoğlu (2009) was used in order to find out the brand preferences of students. Student t-test was used to determine whether there is a significant difference between sport faculty students in Portugal and in Turkey. Chi square analysis was used to find out whether the students’ reasons for preferring a brand differed in terms of the schools, they were attending. Differences were found between the factors that affected the brand preferences of the students of Ondokuz Mayıs University (OMU) Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences and Instituto Politecnico da Guarda (IPG) Faculty of Sports in sports products. It was found that when compared with the students of IPG, students of OMU preferred brands since they provided quality guarantee, they were indicators of status and they gave a sense of security. It was found that students of OMU and IPG paid attention to the price while buying a brand product. Turkish students were found to be more dependent on brands when compared with Portuguese students. In addition, the price factor in the purchase of branded products is becoming a common element of the students of both countries. The tendency towards branded sporting products can manifest itself in increasing or decreasing proportions relative to advertising and promotional activities. The management of this orientation as a healthy process can be achieved by the effects of planned school education on the cultural structure.