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Sports massage science has become an area of interest among many athletes’ instructors, trainers and also sports physiologists. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of massage on uric acid, creatinine and microprotein parameters. The study included 42 participants, 21 in the study group (Ex) and 21 in the control group (C). The first urine samples (urine) were taken within 2-3 hours after the submaximal exercise. After urinary excretions of the subjects were completely finished, the massage protocol was applied to the subjects at the same time of the day. Submaximal exercise was applied to both groups. Following the exercise, massage was applied to the study group. Massage was not applied to the control group. Analyzes were performed by taking urine samples from the subject group twice before and after massage. A statistically significant difference was found in the level of uric acid and creatinine before and after massage which was applied after submaximal exercise (p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found in the microprotein level before (6.47 ± 0.97) and after (7.04 ± 1.45) massage which was applied after submaximal exercise (p > 0.05). In accordance with the data obtained, although it was determined that massage had effects on the measured parameters; it was not clear in what ways these effects were. It is estimated that the change in uric acid levels may be due to antioxidant properties and massage may cause this change by affecting the antioxidant defense system. It is suggested to take the level of creatinine, uric acid and microprotein into account for performance improvement and regulation and balancing the resting period of the athletes.
International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences
Sports Massage: How does it Affect Reducing Lactic Acid Levels in Athletes?Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan
The Effect of Sport Massage on Lactic Acid RecoveryThe purpose of this study was to determine the extend of the impact of the sports massage recovery method on the lactate levels of wrestling athletes. The population in this study was West Java PON wrestling athletes with purposive sampling technique with the criteria of having participated in national level championships and male gender with a total of 4 person. The instrument in this study was the Wrestling Match Simulation, Sport Massage is a recovery method protocol with a duration of 20 minutes, Acutend Lactate to measure the athlete's lactate level before and after being given the treatment. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the athlete's lactate level after being given the treatment.
— Sport massage has the purpose of fostering physical conditions, and avoids things that can harm and alleviate suffering as minimize as possible due to sports injuries (Sulistyorini, dkk 2013:12). Sport massage has the effect of relieving stress, improving tissue elasticity, and eliminating the buildup of lactic acid. In the general population of Indonesia, Sport massage is considered as the most powerful means for stimulating the decrease of lactic acid inside the muscle. Sport massage with Swedish techniques has major applications in the form of Eflleurage, Petrissage, Vibration, Tapotement, Friction, Shaking in accordance with anatomical of the athlete's body. The type of research used in this study is quantitative research with experimental method that is quasi experiment. Experimental method is a way to express the relationship between two or more variables to understand the influence of a variable on other variables. Based on these methods, the design research used nonequivalent control group design. In the design of this study, the experimental group and the control group were not chosen randomly, thus the subject division in this study using ordinal pairing technique. So from the design can be known correctly the difference from the treatment result given. Author is using E-Views 5 software to test the correlation between the dependent variable and the independent variable. In lowering the levels of lactic acid and pulse after exercise activities need to be considered. It is expected that trainers and implementers of sports activities can make Sport and Thai Massage as a reference in an effort to reduce lactic acid levels and pulse after doing heavy physical activity.
Sports Medicine
The Mechanisms of Massage and Effects on Performance, Muscle Recovery and Injury Prevention2005 •
Many coaches, athletes and sports medicine personnel hold the belief, based on observations and experiences, that massage can provide several benefits to the body such as increased blood flow, reduced muscle tension and neurological excitability, and an increased sense of well-being. Massage can produce mechanical pressure, which is expected to increase muscle compliance resulting in increased range of joint motion, decreased passive stiffness and decreased active stiffness (biomechanical mechanisms). Mechanical pressure might help to increase blood flow by increasing the arteriolar pressure, as well as increasing muscle temperature from rubbing. Depending on the massage technique, mechanical pressure on the muscle is expected to increase or decrease neural excitability as measured by the Hoffman reflex (neurological mechanisms). Changes in parasympathetic activity (as measured by heart rate, blood pressure and heart rate variability) and hormonal levels (as measured by cortisol levels) following massage result in a relaxation response (physiological mechanisms). A reduction in anxiety and an improvement in mood state also cause relaxation (psychological mechanisms) after massage. Therefore, these benefits of massage are expected to help athletes by enhancing performance and reducing injury risk. However, limited research has investigated the effects of pre-exercise massage on performance and injury prevention. Massage between events is widely investigated because it is believed that massage might help to enhance recovery and prepare athletes for the next event. Unfortunately, very little scientific data has supported this claim. The majority of research on psychological effects of massage has concluded that massage produces positive effects on recovery (psychological mechanisms). Post-exercise massage has been shown to reduce the severity of muscle soreness but massage has no effects on muscle functional loss. Notwithstanding the belief that massage has benefits for athletes, the effects of different types of massage (e.g. petrissage, effleurage, friction) or the appropriate timing of massage (pre-exercise vs post-exercise) on performance, recovery from injury, or as an injury prevention method are not clear. Explanations are lacking, as the mechanisms of each massage technique have not been widely investigated. Therefore, this article discusses the possible mechanisms of massage and provides a discussion of the limited evidence of massage on performance, recovery and muscle injury prevention. The limitations of previous research are described and further research is recommended.
2020 •
The aim of this study was to determine whether two different massage manipulations (effleurage, friction) were applied after anaerobic running and which were more effective to the recovery level. In this study, 20 healthy football players who played in the TFF U19 elite league (mean age of 18.40±0.70 years, mean height of 1.78±0.06 m, and body weight of 70.75±966 kg) were participated in the study. Lactic acid levels were measured in 5 and 10 minutes after the anaerobic running (202.5 m) of the players. After resting for 48 hours, lactic acid levels were determined by taking blood samples from footballers before anaerobic running. The massage performed using friction technique at the removal of lactic acid after anaerobic running was more effective than massage done without massage and effleurage technique (p<0.05). In addition, friction technique was found to be more effective than effleurage technique, in massage techniques performed in fifth and tenth minutes after anaerobic r...
IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences
Effect of Physical Exercise on Serum Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine in Undergraduate Footballers in Anambra State, NigeriaBackground: Prolonged exercise leads to progressive water and electrolyte loss from the body as sweat is secreted to promote heat loss. The rate of sweating depends on many factors and is increased in proportion to the work rate and the environmental temperature and humidity. Prolong exercise could lead to alteration in electrolyte concentrations and this could lead to deleterious effect in the body. Aim: To determine the effect of Physical Exercise on Serum Electrolytes Urea and Creatinine in undergraduate footballers in Anambra State. Method: Six football teams comprising of 11 players each was grouped into 3 sets. Each set containing 22 players were allowed to play football for at least 2hours with a 15 minutes break interval. They were allowed to take only 250mls water during this exercising period. Blood samples were collected from all the subjects prior to the exercise from anticubital veins with the subjects in sitting position. Post-Exercise blood Samples were collected within 5 minutes after and 2hrs after the exercise. The blood samples were also analyzed for serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Blood sample for calcium was collected after removing the tourniquet for 2 minutes. The serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride and calcium were estimated using ion selective electrodes while urea and creatinine were estimated using standard colorimetric methods. Results: There was no significant difference in mean concentrations of serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl_ and HCO3_) profile levels in pre exercising subjects when compared with the post exercising period (P> 0.05). However, the mean levels of Ca+ increased significantly in post exercise period when compared with the pre exercising condition (P < 0.05). The findings of this work suggest that short duration of exercise does not alter significantly the serum electrolytes.
ACPES Journal of Physical Education, Sport, and Health (AJPESH)
Foam Rolling on Uric Acid Levels Profile in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) post 10 Km Long-Distance Running in Healthy Trained Young Men2021 •
Long distance running (LDR) is an exercise that has a relatively heavy load which can cause Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels. Xanthine, one derivate of ROS will increase 10 times during aerobic activity which is metabolized to Uric Acid (mg/dL) (UA). Foam rolling (FR) is used for the recovery process. This study aims to determine the effect of long distance running on changes in UA levels and the effect of FR as an active recovery against changes in UA levels. This was a quasi-experiment study using a purposive sampling design, one-group repeated measure design of a sample population of young healthy males (17-25 years). The sample consisted of 10 trained young males in Semarang. The average value of UA before intervention was 4.43 mg/dL ± 0.51. In 90 minutes, it was 5.90 mg/dL ± 0.52, in 120 minutes was 5.71 mg/dL ± 0.72 and at 24 hours after intervention was 6.1 mg/dL ± 0.57. LDR has been shown to increase UA levels. FR whi...
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