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The goal of this research was identifying mixed elements of sport's marketing in public and private sport places from the point of view of female athletes. This research was descriptive in the case of method, in the sort of survey. In the term of time, it was sectional and in the term of aim, it was practical and in the term of data collecting, it was athletics. Population of this research was female athletes of Sanandaj city, in the sports of physical readiness, bodybuilding and swimming. Criteria of selecting of these trebles based on age, club's membership history, insurance history and gender, so that in the term of the age, only people over 18 years, in the term of membership, people who were registered for 6 months and in the term of insurance, only those who have insurance history in general administer of sport of Sanandaj city could participate and in the term of the age only female gender. According on insurance history of females, in general administer of sport and youth, number of this people was over 3500 and based on it, for determine samples, we used Krejcle Mugger table. Research' sample size was 246 that were selected accessibly for replying to questionnaires. So first, a questionnaire had designed that checked out mixed marketing based on other template questionnaire. Freidman examine got choose for examining hypotheses. It should be noted that SPSS software ver. 22 and Larsel software ver. 8.80 were used for analysing data’s and, also, confidence level in this research was 95 percent Results showed that marketing mixes includes protection, promotion, distributing, production, people, process, price and physical evidence. Generally, if factors which have effect on decision of customers for choosing gyms get used by mixed marketing approaches, marketers will be able to design better strategies on gym's management. And also, bring more customers that has a lot of financial interests for club.
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of outdoor advertising in football, volleyball and basketball in Sanandaj on attracting enthusiasts and spectators, so this research is descriptive survey. The samples consisted of athletes and spectators in three fields of soccer, volleyball and handball in the city of Sanandaj in the first six months of 2016. Due to the uncertainty of the exact size of the study, sample size was determined using Morgan table 384 that data related to400 individual is collected and analyzed. To collect research data, two questionnaires of demographic characteristics and environmental impact of advertising self-made questionnaire were used to attract enthusiasts and sports fans. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 11 experts in marketing and reliability using Cronbach's alpha was (α = 0.85). The data was collected by simple random sampling. And finally, 400 questionnaires were completed and analyzed. For this purpose, the test of K-S, Spearman correlation test and one-sample t-test was performed using the statistical package SPSS version 22. The results showed that among the means of outdoor advertising, the media, billboards and banners were with the greatest abundance and distribution in the city. And there is an inverse correlation between the effectiveness of outdoor advertising with age (r387 = 0.34) and education (r399 = 0.28) (P < 0.05); Also, the visual appeal in design, message transfer, proper placement of outdoor advertising media and advertising tool based on the type of audience and the general condition of the effectiveness of outdoor advertising in Sanandaj exercise were inappropriate
The current paper aims to investigate the relationship between leadership style (LS) and emotional intelligence (EI) of coaches in selected team sports in universities of Kurdistan (Iran). An applied-correlational descriptive-survey method was used. Statistical population included all male and female coaches in sports chosen from volleyball and handball in universities of Kurdistan during the 2014-2015 academic year (n=58). Whole subjects were selected as the sample. Three questionnaires of personality characteristics, Emotional Intelligence (Syber Yashring), and leadership style (L.S.S) were used to collect data. Research reliability was determined with Cronbach's alpha test for intelligence emotional (α =0.824) and leadership style (α=0.718) questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out through Kolmogorov–Smirnoff (K-S) in order to determine normal distribution for data. Moreover, person’s correlation coefficient test was applied to measure research hypothesis. Pearson's result showed that there was relatively positive relationship between leadership style of "positive feedback" and coaching emotional intelligence in selected team sports of Tehran universities (r=0.275, p=0.036). However, there was no significant relationship between other leadership styles and emotional intelligence (p> 0.05). Due to significant relationship between some factors of emotional intelligence and leadership styles, it is recommended to consider emotional intelligence competencies to select team coaches, in addition to alternative coaching skills. Also, training courses before holding sports events may be established to enhance emotional intelligence of coaches, as the emotional intelligence abilities can be educated.
The aim of the present research was to discuss and identify the sports related requirements and needs of clients of Kurdistan province’s sports facilities from the view of youths. In terms of purpose, it’s considered as an applied research and also in terms of strategy, it is considered as a descriptive-survey study which is carried out under field methods. In order to elaborate on the goals of this study, a researcher made questionnaire including 30 items and arranged based on a five degrees Likert scale was employed. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by certain experts of physical education and management and also its reliability was calculated as 0.78 through the application of Kronbach’s alpha method. The population of this study includes the entire 15-24 year old boys and girls throughout the province of Kurdistan. Among the population, a number of 384 individuals were selected as the sample through the application of Morgan’s table, however 450 questionnaires were distributed among the sample and ultimately, 391 questionnaires were collected back as completed questionnaires. For the purpose of sampling, a cluster sampling method was employed. In addition, for analysis of data at descriptive level, the abundance tables, abundance percentages, mean and standard deviation methods were used and for the same purpose at inferential level, the tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnoff, one sample t and Freedman were employed which were all performed by the software of SPSS v.22. Obtained results indicated that there exists a significant difference between sports priorities and sports related needs of clients of Kurdistan province’s sports facilities. In addition, the status of Kurdistan province’s sports facilities was significantly unsuitable. There was also a significant difference noticed between the sports related needs of male and female clients of Kurdistan province’s sports facilities.
The aim of this study was to Regression Analysis of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Youth and Sports Departments of Kermanshah Province. The population included 148 employees and experts of General Administration of Sport in Kermanshah province that were randomly selected and evaluated using by three questionnaires: Nifeh's (2001) assessing organizational learning, Abtahi and Salvati's (2006) of knowledge management and a third questionnaire of organizational citizenship behavior and, using Regression in level of P<0.05 were analyzed. The results showed that three components of organizational learning, knowledge management and organizational citizenship behavior are in a desirable status at General Administration of Sport of Kermanshah province; also, there is a significant relationship between the components of the research. According to the findings above, it can be concluded that by providing appropriate opportunities for professional growth and increase their public information and responsible participation in organizational learning and political life cycle of an organization, we can strengthened organizational support and encourage employees and managers to participate actively in the organizations meetings, to provide and receive constructive suggestions, and through improving the effectiveness of units and organizational, also improving the quality of administrative services to be participate in their organization efficiency growth.
The present study investigates the effects of perceived value on word of mouth advertising among customers of sports clubs of the city of Sanandaj. The applied research method is descriptive-correlative and the population of research is consisted of the entire customers of sports clubs of Sanandaj. As a result of enormousness of the population, through the Cochran's formula, a sample size was determined and samples were respectively selected through a simple random sampling. In addition, data collection instruments included Egret and Olga's questionnaire of perceived value and Kim's 8 word of mouth questionnaire. Total reliability of measurement instruments was investigated in a preliminary study. For the variable of perceived value, the value of Cronbach's alpha was calculated as 0.823 and for the variable of word-of-mouth advertising, it was calculated as 0.732. The entire descriptive and inferential analyses are performed within the AMOS and SPSS software. Results indicated that perceived value and variables of buying intention, search for an alternative and oral expression have a statistically significant effect on word-of-mouth advertising among customers of sports clubs.
The research is aimed to investigate the relationship between humanistic and task-oriented leadership style with a five-thinking executive, legislative, judicial, liberal and conservative, with a success rate of successful coaches in Khuzestan province. Scale and Scale thinking style of leadership were used. After verifying the content validity of questionnaires by physical education teachers and management, validation questionnaires using Kronbach's alpha coefficient, 0.73 and 0.657 calculated was used. After studying the questionnaires filled by 23 coaches, it was concluded that there exists no significant relation between the task oriented leadership style and subscales of thinking styles of executive, legal, judicial, free and conservative. And that in terms of the relation between humanistic leadership style and subscales of thinking styles of legal, judicial and free and conservative; a significant relation exists only between the leadership style of humanistic and executive thinking style. Thus, due to the significant relationship between these two styles is suggested that coaches have two-way relationship with athletes and that they should express their goals to athletes in a clear and appropriate way. They should also have appropriate behaviors for realizing these goals through their team. In this regard, they will be able to achieve highest levels of success for themselves and their teams.
The present study has done with the purpose of investigating factors influencing the development of sports in schools of Kurdistan province. In terms of goal, this study is functional; in terms of strategy is survey –descriptive that was conducted as field. The statistical population includes all sport teachers (894 individuals) and professors of physical education of Universities of Kurdistan province (26 individuals) (N=920) that were active during 2015-2016 academic year in that province. The sample size was calculated 275 using Morgan table and sampling was done by targeting and available method for academic professors and for sport teachers cluster and simple random sampling was done. In order to study the objectives of this study the researcher made questionnaires was constructed which contains 28 item questionnaires that by using similar researches and literature of research prepared in the Likert 5 item. 9 experts in the field of physical education tried to confirm face validity and the content of the questionnaire and the reliability of the questionnaire obtained α=0.81 by the pilot implementation on the 40 members of the research community and by calculating
The present study's aim was investigating the relationship between organizational silences with Islamic Republic of Iran karate federation employee's performance. The research method strategically was: descriptive, in terms of field study. The statistic society consisted 300s of federation leaders, assistants, chiefs and secretaries of karate associations, referee's committee leaders and also financial and accounting officers. Sampling method was simple random method, 168 were selected via Morgan Table. The measuring tool in this research was Hersey and Goldsmith standard questionnaire of organizational silence and job performance. The questionnaire's date to test the hypothesis of Pearson correlation coefficient, and t test one sample and regression in SPSS software was used. Finding results showed that there isn't a significant relation between organizational silence and employee's performance. Due to the research results and considering more than average organizational silence between the employees, some strategies should be considered at Islamic Republic of Iran karate federation to decrease organizational silence.
The study of the quality of services results arises from the difference between the services provided and quality services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of service quality from the customer perspective in Iranian foreign sports brands based on Saruman. The research method is correlation and it was practical purpose. The population of this research is international sports brands to customers that their number was not specified and researcher on the basis of samples available for each of 60 brands selected a total sample of 320 people. Instrument, the questionnaire was Saruman service quality dimensions that internal reliability of the study. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (KS, Pearson, Friedman ranking and stepwise regression). The results showed that: there is a significant relationship between five dimensions of quality of services provided. Minimum and maximum gap of five foreign sports brands (Adidas, Puma, Nike, Reebok and Fila) was obtained. The customer service was ranked first, component reliability indicated the rating results in optimal service quality, and empathy was ranked first. Finally, the two operating reliability and guaranteed in international sports brands have been able to have the highest estimated and the nature of the other three is a non-issue.
The purpose of this research was to impact of Office Automation on self-efficacy in staffs of sport and youth of west Azerbaijan. The method of this research in terms of goal was practical and in terms of gathering data is correlation descriptive which has been done as field research. The data population includes all employees of sport and youth of west Azerbaijan (n=160). And the sampling method of the study was random stratified and Morgan table was used to determine the sample size which 125 people randomly selected as sample. The questionnaires of the study were Adel Office
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2018 •
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science
Self-leadership: Volleyball student-players and their competition achievement2018 •
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science
SPORT AS A MEANS OF INCLUSION AND INTEGRATION FOR "THOSE OF US WITH DISABILITIES"European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science
GENDER INTEGRATION IN THE MILITARY: GENDER-NEUTRAL STANDARDS AND COED SPORTS