European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science
ISSN: 2501 - 1235
ISSN-L: 2501 - 1235
Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.438121
Volume 3 │ Issue 3 │ 2017
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM
MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON THE ABILITY OF FREE
THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
R. R. Betty Retnowulani,
Sugiyanto,
Sapta Kunta Purnama
Department of Sport Science, Post-graduate Program,
Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
Abstract:
This study aims to determine the relationship of either single or double among the
variables of body body height, arm length, arm muscle strength and leg power in the
ability of free throw shoot of women athletes in Yogyakarta and how big the
contribution from each of these variables. This study uses descriptive method with
correlation analysis techniques. The population was woman basketball athletes in
Yogyakarta who has done several games, and there were 106 people. The variables of
this study consist of four independent variables they were body height, arm length, arm
muscle strength and leg power. And the dependent variable was the ability of free
throw shoot. All data required in this study were obtained through tests and
measurements of each variable. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis by
testing normality, linearity and testing the hypothesis which were a correlation analysis
of each predictor, partial correlation analysis and regression analysis assisted by SPSS
20.0. The results showed that each variable of body height, arm length and arm muscle
strength had a positive relationship with the ability of free throw shoot. As for the leg
power, do not have a positive relationship. The contribution of each independent
variable on the dependent variable as follows: 53.5% body height, arm length by 15.4%,
arm muscle strength at 7.1%. The conclusions obtained from this study were from the
four variables of body height, arm length, arm muscle strength and leg power, there
were only three variables which contributed: body height, arm length and arm muscle
strength.
Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.
© 2015 – 2017 Open Access Publishing Group
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
Keywords: body height, leg length, arm muscle strength, leg power, the ability of free
throw shoot
1. Introduction
One of the sporting achievements was basketball game. In the game of basketball, the
objective was to put the ball into the opponents’ ring as much as it can and to achieve
the goal it required physical abilities (Ambler, 2009: 39). According to Sudarwati (2007:
8) physical factors related to the morphologic structure closely associated with the ideal
body shape of the athletes, such as their body height and weight. Meanwhile,
anthropometric structure associated with measurement of the athlete's ability to
perform the movements related to sports that they do.
Achievement in sport was largely determined by factors of physical condition
and physical fitness of athletes, skills and techniques and that basketball was a game
with complex movement, which consists of a combination of movement elements
coordinated neatly so it takes a long time just to master the basic techniques of the
basketball game properly (Imam Sodikun, 1992: 4). As for the basic techniques,
according to Imam Sodikun (1992: 18) it can be distinguished: "techniques of throwing
and catching, dribbling techniques, shooting techniques, pivot and lay up shot
technique". From all five basic techniques, it was clear that one technique to another
were interrelated and inseparable. Therefore, as a coach, to train basic techniques was a
very important so that the athletes can play well.
One of the basic techniques of basketball was shooting. Shooting was the main
purpose on the end of each play, the success of any team in the game was always
determined by the effectiveness in shooting. According to Imam Sodikun (1992: 11), the
shot was divided into two kinds, namely pitch shots and penalty shots. As for the pitch
shot was an attempt to put the ball into the opponent's basket during a game or a
match, while the penalty shot was a gift granted to a player to score one point.
Free throw shoot was part of the shooting technique. It has a very important role
in basketball game because when doing free throw shoot not only takes a good
technique but also the tranquility of the shooter to get the maximum results from it. The
ability to make shots, especially free throw shoot can be affected by factors of body
height, arm length, arm muscle strength and leg power. Thiswas in line with the views
expressed by Anwar, Pasau (1988: 81), that: People who have physical body height and
average body size would have the physical abilities such as strength, speed, heart and
lungs endurance, muscular endurance and others.
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
Basketball was a sport that contains body contact or direct contact between the
players and the opponent, so it does not rule out the frequent violations in this game
because of no small movement, and as result, the referee gives to the subject offense
team a free throw shoot. Point by point will determine if the score chasing each other.
In the game of basketball, a single point difference can determine who would be
the winner. According to the opinion of Hannes Neuman (1982: 19), "In general there
was not a lot of attention to practice free throw, but in a match between two teams who
have the same capabilities, the victory was mostly determined by the number of points
achieved with the free throw. Whereas in a state of equilibrium, free throw shoot will be
decisive. Where a club who has high accuracy, usually, it become the winner in a match.
Achievement in basketball has been prepared early on, the evident was the coaching
method in basketball that has been done in schools or clubs. Extracurricular program of
basketball has been conducted since elementary until college. In Yogyakarta athletes
accommodated in a good container and built to be able to obtain maximum
achievement.
Viewing several matches that occur both in the level of high schools and
universities, Researchers still see many had failed in the implementation of the free
throw shoot by women athletes in Yogyakarta. Failure to execute could be due to the
influence of body height, arm length, arm muscle strength and leg power. But there has
been no exact foundation of it.
From the background of the importance of free throw shoot technique above, so
the writer attempted to conduct research with the title "The Contribution of Body Height,
Length of Arms, Arm Muscle Strength and Leg Power on the Ability of Free Throw Shoot of
Woman Basketball Athletes (Correlational Study on Athletes Basketball Women in
Yogyakarta)".
2. Review of Related Literature
2.1 Basketball Game
According to the Official Rules of PERBASI (2010: 1) that basketball was played by two
teams, each consisting of five persons. Each team tried to score points to the opponent’s
basket and prevent the other team scoring. And a team that has scored the highest
number at the end of the game the team was winning.
2.2 Basic technique
The basic technique of basketball game, they were; passing, shooting, dribbling,
pivoting, and rebounding. Many of basic used to shoot the outside shot can be directly
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
applied to both jump shot and free throw. Thus, it was not a required if a jump shooter
was usually a good free shooter anyway (Oliver, 2009: 25).
To perform the shooting techniques, one should be taught early on the
fundamental principles, namely BEEF: 1) B (Balance) was the movement always begin
by starting from the floor, when going to shoot bend your knees and ankles as well as
set your body in a balanced position, 2) E (Eyes) meaning focus on a target for shooting
to be accurate (the player quickly able to coordinate the location of the basket), 3) E
(elbow) was maintaining the position of the elbow so that the movement of arms
remain vertical, and 4) F (Follow Through) was locking the elbow, then releasing arm
movement, fingers and wrist followed by direction of the basket (Danny, 2008: 47).
Free Throw Shoot Technique Free Throw was the opportunity given to a player
to score a point, unguarded, from a position behind the free throw line and inside the
semicircle. (PERBASI, 2012: 48). Free throw shoot technique itself was part of the
shooting technique. Only this technique was done without any marking from the
opponent.
The free throw shoot can occur from several things such as unsportsmanlike
behavior of the opponent, e.g. beating intentionally against an opponent, an invalid
body contact with or without the ball (charging), body contact by inhibiting the
movement of an opponent with or without the ball (blocking), an invalid body contact
with the opponent by interfering their movement (holding), an invalid body contact by
using any body part where a player shifts or attempts to shift an opponent by force with
or without control of the ball (pushing) and other foul. All of this foul will be charged to
the player by the name of personal foul.
In basketball, the victory of a game was determined from the number of scores
generated from the ball that goes in to the opponents' ring. It's often when a very tight
match between two teams was determined by the number of free throw shoot done.
Effort in scoring points often leads to violations or error (foul). Violation was a
deviation of the rules (PERBASI, 2012: 27). These deviations resulting throw-in to the
opponents in the nearest place where the deviation occurred. Violation (deviation)
which commonly occur include traveling, eight second violation, twenty-four second
violation, and a double dribble.
While foul (error) was the deviation from the rules regarding, an invalid
individual contact by an opponent or unsportsmanlike behavior (PERBASI, 2012: 36).
Seeing on how basketball game progresses rapidly and has many moves and being
restricted to the field area, contact was unavoidable. Body contact that can be
considered a foul was where a player was entering the opponent's imaginary tube.
Cylinder imaginary tube was the principle that players were limited by an imaginary
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
tube which limited by the front part of the palm, the back of the buttocks, and the side
was limited by the outer side from arms and legs. Violation of the imaginary tube was
often penalized, one of which was the free throw shoot.
In the rules of the game a player who made five personal foul was sentenced by
getting expelled from the field and won't be able to play again. The penalty of the
personal foul then charged to his team. Team Foul occurs when a team has gone beyond
the limits of personal foul, as many as five times in each quarter. In the event of the
sixth personal foul and onwards, the team will be sentenced that the opposing team
gets a chance to carry out free throw shoot.
Team Foul incident can be an advantage to a team if the match scores was tight.
With tactics from the coach, then the player can seek to exploit the situation to get
points by free throw shoot. An advantage which was very useful in tight scores
situation. According to Danny (2009: 51) that free throw shoot can determine victory or
defeat in the match, that was why you should practice your free throw in each training
session.
2.3 The Definition of Body Height
In essence, the body height was the force created by the body when standstill, body
height as one of biological aspect from human that were part of the body structure and
posture which varied (anatomy team FIK UNY, 2003: 10). Body height was the
maximum distance from vertex to the soles of the feet, how to measure it was by taking
off any footwear, stand up straight, the back and the back of the head touches the
vertical measuring rod and average water views (Anatomy 2008: 10).
2.4 The Definition of Arm Length
According to the anatomy team of FIK UNY (2003: 13) arm length was body parts along
the upper arm and forearm which measured from acrominal to styloid point. Styloid
point was the end of the processus styloideus radii. When viewed anatomically arm
length consists of bones Os. Humerus, Os. Radius, Os. Ulna, and Os. Methapalangae.
According to Johnsen (in Murtiatmo Adi Wibowo, 2008: 32) argues that the arm length
was the distance measured from humerus to acromion point on the ulna styloid. Arm
length limitation in this study was measured from the head of the arm bone (Caput os.
Ocramion) until the tip of the middle finger.
2.5 The Definition of Arm Muscle Strength
Strength was one of the very important factor in the performance and can determine the
quality of a person's physical condition and were needed in almost any sports. Force
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
was an element of physical conditions which directly related to human health and
physical fitness. Activities performed by humans in moving and contracting the muscle
require a force. According to Sukadiyanto (2005: 60-61) the definition of forces in
general was the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to overcome the burden or
detention.
2.6 The definition of Leg Power
The terms power was equal with explosive and equal to explosive power. Harsono
(1988: 200) defines power as the ability of muscles to move on maximum strength in a
very short time. According to Suharno (1981: 27) explosive power was the ability of a
muscle or group of muscles to overcome the resistance or load, at a high speed in a
complete movement. Power was described as a function of the strength or speed from
movement (Rushall and Pyke, 1992: 252).
Leg Power has an important role in almost every sport, ranging from athletics,
individual or team sport with various games. It has a major contribution to reach an
achievement.
3. Research Method
The method used in this research was descriptive correlational study technique.
Correlational study itself was the research carried out to determine whether there was a
relationship between two or more variables (Suharsimi Arikunto 2002: 247).
There were two variables in this study, namely the independent variable and the
dependent variable. The independent variables consist of body height, arm length, arm
muscle strength and leg power. While the dependent variable was the ability of free
throw, shoot in woman basketball athletes.
The population in this study was woman basketball athletes in Yogyakarta and
the research uses purposive sampling where the population was the entire sample. The
sample was 106 athletes. The population has been qualified as follows:
1. Population was the woman basketball athletes of Yogyakarta aged 18-21 years,
the original population of Yogyakarta.
2. The population has the same relative age level.
3. The population has experience of playing at least twice at the provincial level.
4. The population has a relatively equal level of training.
The data collection was a key step for the main purpose of this study to get the
data. The data collection can be done in a variety of sources, and a variety of ways. The
collection of data used in this research was to test and measure. The place of data
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THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
collection of the study was in SMA N 1 Wates and UNY basketball courts. The data
collection was conducted during July until August 2016.
Types of tests used in this study as follows:
1. Body height Measurement. The tools used were stadiometer with units of
centimeters (cm) and the level of accuracy reached 0.1 cm.
2. Arm Length. Anthropometer set of tools used to measure the length of the arm
(Anatomy Team of FIK UNY, 2003: 32). Objective measurements to measure and
determine the result of arm's length. Taking the measurements of the base of the
shoulder (acromion) to the tip of the middle finger (daccylion / finger extended).
3. Arm Muscle Strength. Power is equal to the force, a measure of the strength of
the arm muscles done by using a push-up for 1 minute (MONE, 2010: 25).
4. Leg Power. Leg power tests using vertical jump.
5. Free Throw Shoot
Test shots were free (free throw shoot) from Imam Sodikun (1992: 125), with a
validity of 0.72 and reliability of 0.84. Tests penalty shot with 10 attempts counting how
many balls got into the basket, if it came in got a value of 1 (one), and if the ball does
not go in the ring and foot stepped on the line gets the value 0 (zero).
3.1 Data analysis technique
Data obtained from this study continue to be analyzed. Analysis of the data in this
study using correlation analysis, partial correlation and multiple regression. Correlation
analysis technique in question was a statistical analysis to find out if there was a
relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable in the study.
Correlation analysis was performed in each predictor with criteria using analysis of
product moment. Partial correlation analysis in question was a parametric statistic were
used to test the level of the relationship between independent variables and the
dependent variable on the condition that other independent variables as a variable
whose function was to purify the relationship between independent variables and the
dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis was the development of a simple
analysis. Its usefulness was to predict the value of the dependent variable (Y) when the
independent variable of at least two or more. According to Somantri and Muhidin
(2006: 243) the multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship
between two or more variables, mainly to explore the relations that the model was not
yet known perfectly or to find out how the variation of several independent variables
(X1), (X2), (X3), ... (Xn) affect the dependent variable in a complex phenomenon. For the
sake of accuracy of the data then this study used SPSS 20.00.
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
4. Findings of the Research
Data obtained of each variable were then grouped and analyzed statistically using SPSS
20.00. The descriptive summary data is presented in table form as follows:
Analysis of data to determine the relationship of body height, arm length, arm muscle
strength and leg power in the ability of free throw shoot on the woman basketball
athletes using path analysis. However, there are several requirements that must be
fulfilled in classical assumptions including: 1) data should be normal, 2) and the data is
linear.
Data normality test is performed to determine whether the data of each group
was normal distribution or not.
From the results of the above table shows the data normality test variables from each of
the tests, which have been previously tested manually by Kolmogorov-Smirnova.
Testing with SPSS 20:00 based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnova because the data ≥50 .
Normality met if the test results were not significant for a significance level of 5%
α = 0.05 . Conversely, if the test results significant then normality of the data was not
met. How to know if it’s significant or insignificant by normality test results was to look
at the numbers in the column of significance (Sig.) to establish normality. It can be
concluded that the data on the sample represent the normal data distribution
population.
Linearity test in this case can be presented in the following table:
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
Variabel Eksogen
Toleransi
VIF
Tinggi Badan
0,632 > 0,1
1,583 < 10
Panjang Lengan
0,651 > 0,1
1,537 < 10
0,9 > 0,1
1,112 < 10
0,911 > 0,1
1,098 < 10
Kekuatan Otot Lengan
Power Tungkai
Tolerance value of each independent variable exceeds 0.1 and VIF less than 10, which
means that between independent variables, did not contain multi collinearity.
To answer the hypothesis in this study, it can be seen from several tables from
the calculation results of SPSS 20.0 that has been done. Data tables are presented as
follows:
In the table above shows:
1. Variable of body height test score of 0.732 with probability = 0.00 <0.05, then Ho
is rejected, which means there is a significant correlation between test scores of
body heights to the value of free throw shoot.
2. Variable of arm length test score of 0.605 with probability = 0.00 <0.05, then Ho is
rejected, which means there is a significant correlation between test scores arm's
length with a value free throw shoot.
3. Variable of arm muscle strength test score of 0.593 with probability = 0.00 <0.05,
then Ho is rejected, which means there is a significant correlation between test
scores arm muscle strength with a value free throw shoot.
4. Variable of leg power test scores of 0,142 with probability = 0.073> 0.05, then Ho
is accepted, which means there is no significant relationship between test scores
power leg with a value free throw shoot.
From the conclusions in the table above, then for a discussion of the research
data will only present the variables which had a significant relationship which are body
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
height, arm length and arm muscle strength. While leg power would not be discussed
because it did not have a significant relationship.
The table explained about the first model value of the relationship (R) between body
height with the test score of free throw shoot which equal to 0.732 and the percentage of
the relationship of body height to test in free throw shoot-called coefficient of
determination was the result from the measure R. From the output, it obtained a
terminated coefficient (R ²) in the first model of 0,535 which implies that the
contribution of independent variables (body height) on the dependent variable (free
throw shoot) amounted to 53.5%.
The second model explained the value of the relationship (R) between the scores
of body height and arm muscle strength with the test free throw shoot that is equal to
0.830 and the percentage of the effect on the body height and strength of arm muscles to
the test free throw shoot-called coefficient of determination (R ²) which is the result of R.
From the measurement output of the coefficient of determination in model 2 at 0.689
which implies that the contribution of independent variables (body height and strength
of arm muscle) on the dependent variable (free throw shoot) amounted to 68.9%. It can
be concluded that the relations of arm muscle strength against free throw shoot is at
15.4% (Result from the 68.9% - 53.5%).
The third model explained about the value of the relationship (R) between the
scores of body height, arm muscle strength and arm length with free throw shoot test
that is equal to 0.872 and the percentage of the relationship of body height, arm muscle
strength and arm length to the test of free throw shoot-called coefficient of
determination as the measurement result of output R. From terminated coefficient (R ²)
in the third models at 0.760 which implies that the contribution of independent
variables (body height, arm muscle strength and arm length) on the dependent variable
(free throw shoot) is approximately 76%, Therefore we can conclude that arm's length
relationship to the free throw shoot is 7.1% (from the result of 76% - 68.9%).
To determine the significance of independent variables in predicting the
dependent variable, ANOVA tables shown in the following data:
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
This section includes real connection (significant) score of a variable body height (X1),
arm muscle strength (X2), and arm length (X3), simultaneously (together) to the free
throw shoot (Y). From output shown F count = 107.799 with a significance level or
probability of 0.000 <0.05, which means the body height (X1), arm muscle strength (X2),
and long sleeve (X3), can be used to predict the value of the ability of free throw shoot.
5. Discussion
5.1 The relationship between Body Height Ability Free Throw Shoot
It can be seen that variable of body height test score at 0.732 with probability = 0.00
<0.05, then Ho is rejected means there is a relationship or correlation between the test
score of body height to the value of free throw shoot. The value of the correlation or
relationship (R) between body height with test score of free throw shoot is equal to
0.732 and the percentage of contribution of body height to the test of free throw shootcalled coefficient of determination (R ²) which is the measurement result of R. From the
output coefficient terminated in first model at 0,535 which implies that the contribution
of independent variables (body height) on the dependent variable (free throw shoot)
amounted to 53.5%.
5.2 The relationship between Arm Length with Free Throw Shoot Ability
It can be seen that variable of arm length test score of 0.605 with probability = 0.00 <0.05,
then Ho is rejected means there is a significant relationship or correlation between test
score of arm's length to the value of free throw shoot. arm length contribution to the
free throw shoot is 15.4%.
5.3 The relationship between Arm Muscle Strength with Free Throw Shoot Ability
It can be seen that variable of arm strength test score of 0.593 with probability = 0.00
<0.05, then Ho is rejected means there is a relationship or correlation between the test
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
score of arm strength to the value of free throw shoot. Arm length contribution to the
free throw shoot is 7.1%.
5.4 The relationship between Leg Power with Free Throw Shoot Ability
But as can be seen in leg power variable test score of 0,142 with probability = 0.073>
0.05, then Ho is accepted which means no significant relationship or correlation
between test score of leg power to the value of free throw shoot. It is possible to do free
throw shoot without jumping since there is no marking from the opponent.
5.5 The relationship between Body height and Arm Length with Free Throw Shoot
Ability
The body height possessed by athlete as a basketball player has a positive effect. These
positive effectis that their reach to the ring is closer. If the athlete has a plus on arm
length,then theirreachto the ring would be much closer. From the second calculation,
this component has a contribution of 68.9%.
5.6 The relationship between Body Height and Arm Muscle Strength with Free
Throw Shoot Ability
The body height when combined with arm muscle strength always have a positive
effect. According to law of Newton III the longer impulse from the leg in this case
incorporated in the body height, the greater the upward thrust given. When coupled
with the arm strength then impulse generated much more robust and stable. From the
second calculation, this component has a contribution of 60.6%.
5.7 The relationship between Body height and Leg Power with Free Throw Shoot
Ability
It cannot be described since the leg power variable do not have a significant
contribution to the ability of free throw shoot, which means the relationship that visible
just the body height factor that equal to 0,535 which implies that the contribution of
independent variables (body height) on the dependent variable (free throw shoot)
amounted to 53.5%.
5.8 The relationship between Arm Length and Arm Muscle Strength with Free Throw
Shoot Ability
The ability to perform free throw shoot mostly from arm. Athletes who had long arms
coupled with a good arm muscle strength would be able to carry out free throw shoot
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THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
with good results. From the second calculation, this component has a contribution of
22.5%.
5.9 The relationship between Arm Length and Leg Power with Free Throw Shoot
Ability
It cannot be described since the leg power variable does not have a significant
contribution to the ability of free throw shoot.
5.10 The relationship between Arm Muscle Strength and Leg Power with Free Throw
Shoot Ability
It cannot be described since the leg power variable does not have a significant
contribution to the ability of free throw shoot.
5.11 The relationship between Body height, Arm Length and Arm Muscle Strength
with Free Throw Shoot Ability
From the calculation of these three components which has a contribution of 76%. It has
also become the real effect (significant) body height variable score (X1), arm strength
(X2), and arm length (X3), simultaneously (together) to the free throw shoot (Y). It is
shown from output F count = 107.799 with a significance level or probability of 0.000
<0.05, which means the body height (X1), the arm strength (X2), and arm length (X3),
can be used to predict the value of free throw shoot.
5.12 The relationship between Body height, Arm Length and Leg Power with Free
Throw Shoot Ability
It cannot be described since the leg power variable does not have a significant
contribution to the ability of free throw shoot.
5.13 The relationship between Body height, Arm Muscle Strength and Leg Power
with Free Throw Shoot Ability
It cannot be described since the leg power variable does not have a significant
contribution to the ability of free throw shoot.
5.14 The relationship between the Arm Length, Arm Muscle Strength and Leg Power
with Free Throw Shoot Ability
It cannot be described since the leg power variable does not have a significant
contribution to the ability of free throw shoot.
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
5.15 The relationship between Body height, Arm Length, Arm Muscle Strength and
Leg Power with Free Throw Shoot Ability
It cannot be described since the leg power variable does not have a significant
contribution to the ability of free throw shoot.
6. Conclusion
Based on the research and the results from data analysis, this study draws conclusions
that contributing to the ability of free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete, namely
body height, arm length, arm muscles strength and leg power which processed and
analyzed using SPSS 20.0, processed and analyzed by calculating the correlation from
coefficients of each predictor on the criterion and determine the correlation parsila and
doubles between predictors and criterion as well as the contribution from each
predictor. The analysis result as in these following conclusions:
1. There is a positive relationship of body height to the ability of the free throw
shoot of woman basketball athlete. Contribution of body height to the ability of
the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete by 53.5%.
2. There is a positive relationship long arm of the ability of the ability of the free
throw shoot of woman basketball athlete. Arm length contribution to the ability
of the ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athleteby 15.4%.
3. There is a positive correlation arm muscle strength in the ability of the free throw
shoot of woman basketball athlete. Contribution from arm muscle strength in the
ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete by 7.1%.
4. There is no positive relationship between power leg with ability of the free throw
shoot of woman basketball athlete.
5. There is a positive correlation body height and arm length to the ability of the
free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete. Contribution body height and arm
length to the ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete by
68.9%.
6. There is a positive relationship between body height and arm muscle strength in
the ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete. Contribution
between body height and arm muscle strength in the ability of the free throw
shoot of woman basketball athlete by 60.6%.
7. There is no positive relationship between body height and leg power with the
ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete.
8. There is a positive relationship between the length of the arm and arm muscle
strength in the ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 3 │ 2017
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
Contribution arm length and arm muscle strength in the ability of the free throw
shoot of woman basketball athlete by 22.5%.
9. There is no positive correlation between the arm length and leg power with the
ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete.
10. There is no positive correlation between the arm muscle strength and leg power
with ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete.
11. There is a positive relationship between body height, arm length and arm muscle
strength in the ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete.
Contribution body height, arm length and arm muscle strength in the ability of
the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete by 76%.
12. There is no positive relationship between body height, arm length and leg power
with the ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete.
13. There is no positive relationship between body height, arm length, arm muscle
strength and leg power to the ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball
athlete.
14. There is no positive relationship between the arm length, arm muscle strength
and leg power to the ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball athlete.
15. There is no positive relationship between body height, arm length, arm muscle
strength and leg power to the ability of the free throw shoot of woman basketball
athlete.
7. Suggestion
Based on the analysis and conclusions of the study, then it can be stated suggestions as
follows:
A. For coaches
Efforts in achievement of women's basketball should be done by selecting good
candidates for athletes, especially in achieving maximum ability on free throw shoot
should consider body height, arm length and arm muscle strength factors. So, that in
training the physical condition effectively and efficiently then the exercise should be
conducted in accordance with the number of contributions from these three elements.
B. For athletes
By knowing the contributions made by from the factors of body height, arm length and
arm muscle strength, athletes are expected to try to improve the physical condition
according to their capabilities. They should not be too proud of their body height, since
basketball is not only about free throw shoot, they should do a lot of practice and
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 3 │ 2017
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R. R. Betty Retnowulan, Sugiyanto, Sapta Kunta Purnama
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
consult with a trainer in performing basketball techniques especially in free throw
shoot, so that their talent will not be wasted.
C. For general public
Basketball is a sport which fun, healthy, and can nurture togetherness. Besides that,
basketball can be a profession, a hobby, or achievement. In attaining the achievement,
the society is expected to support and participate in all activities related to the
basketball.
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THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
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THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODY HEIGHT, ARM LENGTH, ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG POWER ON
THE ABILITY OF FREE THROW SHOOT OF WOMAN BASKETBALL ATHLETES
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