European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science ISSN: 2501 - 1235 ISSN-L: 2501 - 1235 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu 10.5281/zenodo.61142 Volume 2│Issue 2│2016 EXAMINING THE COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF THE YOUTH CAMP PROGRAM SUPERVISORS i Mehmet Kartal1, Cenk Temel2ii 1 2 R.“. “dıyaman University, Physical Education and Sports School, “dıyaman, Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr., Inonu University, Physical Education and Sports School, Malatya, Turkey Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the communication and problem solving skills of the program supervisors who responsible for youth camps run by the Ministry of Youth and Sports in terms of several variables. Material and Method: The study group consisted of 103 participants 45 of whom were female and 58 of whom were male and who were in charge of the youth camps run by the Ministry of Youth and Sports in 2015Evaluation Scale CSES period. The Communication Skills was made use of in determining the communication skills of the people who were in charge of youth camps and the Problem Solving Inventory PSI was made use of in determining the problem solving skills. The Findings: It was determined upon the analyses that there were no significant differences between the groups in the communication and problem solving skills of the people responsible for running the program in terms of gender, age, marital status, educational status and in-service training variables (p>0.05); however, it was also determined that there were significant differences between the groups in the communication skills according to the time at office variable as the responsible person (p=0.048), and in problem solving skills according to the occupational status variable. (p=0.042). Upon the analyses that were made to determine the origin of these significant differences, it was determined that the communication skills of the people responsible for the programs who worked for 1-2 years and 5 years and over 5 years were higher; and that the problem solving skills of the students were higher than the public employees. This article was derived from the master’s thesis prepared at the Health Sciences Institute at Inonu University. ii Corresponding author: Assist. Prof. Dr., Cenk Temel, cenktemel@hotmail.com i Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved Published by Open Access Publishing Group ©2015. 39 Mehmet Kartal, Cenk Temel EXAMINING THE COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF THE YOUTH CAMP PROGRAM SUPERVISORS Result: According to the findings obtained in the scope of the study, it was determined that there was a decrease in the communication skills in the 3 rd and 4th years according to the time at office variable; and it was also determined that the problem solving skills of the students were higher than the employees who were working in public institutions. As a conclusion, it was determined that the communication skills of the supervisors who were responsible for the program were high, and the problem solving skills were at the medium level. Keywords: communication, problem solving, youth camp, program responsible Introduction The fact that humans are social creatures living in communities has made it essential for individuals to be in constant interaction with one another, and to rely on communication to address and solve any mutual problems they have or might have in the future . Mısırlı defined communication as the whole range of interactions that has interconnected humans since the dawn of history (and will continue to do so in the future), and which allows humans to reach agreements compromises as a social group, by seeking balance and harmony with one another. Communication can also be defined as a dynamic process in which news, information, emotions, thoughts and attitudes are exchanged by and between individuals, groups or at social level through a system of symbols” (3). As humans are social creatures, they spend their lives in affiliation with more than one social group. Social groups are defined as small or large human communities that consist of individuals that interact with each other, that are psychologically aware of one another’s existence, and perceive themselves as a group or organization . The youth camps organized by the Turkish Ministry of Youth and Sports represent as an example of such social groups. These youth camps, which are managed by the state, provide youth of different age groups and of different cultural and educational backgrounds the opportunity to spend their free time performing various social, cultural and sports activities, and thus allow these youth to socialize. These youth camps are organized at certain times of the year in different regions Turkey in the form of nature or seaside camps, and all transportation, accommodation and food requirements of those taking part in these camps are covered by the Ministry of Youth and Sports, with no fees being requested from the youngsters. The youth camps are organized as Seaside Camps for the 12 to 15 age groups, and as Nature Camps or Thematic Camps for the to age groups. The youngsters participating in these camps are under the responsibility of the camp supervisor, the program supervisor and the camp leader, who all work at the European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 2 │ Issue 2 │ 2016 40 Mehmet Kartal, Cenk Temel EXAMINING THE COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF THE YOUTH CAMP PROGRAM SUPERVISORS camp (5). In these youth camps organized in open areas and natural environments, administration can often become complex and problematic due not only to the camps’ organizational structure, but also to the different culture, age and educational background of the participants. Moreover, throughout the camp period, participants engage extensively in activities involving intra-group and inter-group communication (6). The program supervisors who are in charge of managing these youth camps by ensuring that they functions properly and without problems, and by coordinating the leaders assigned at the camps, are all appointed to the task by the Ministry of Youth and Sports. In this respect, to ensure the proper execution of camp activities in line with their intended purpose, program supervisors need to have impeccable communication skills that will allow them to communicate effectively with the participants as well as the camp leaders. Without proper communication, it is highly possible for the camp participants to experience problems as individuals or groups which, collectively, might engender even greater and more difficult-to-solve problems for the camp in general. The word problem can be used to describe either the complex situations or cases that humans frequently encounter in almost every aspect of daily life, or the challenging and undesirable situations they might experience. Problem-solving, on the other hand, refers to the ability of individuals to attain their goals by solving the complex and difficult-to-solve problems they encounter. Problem-solving requires not only knowledge and experience, but also the use of cognitive skills such as creativity, decision-making, etc. (7) Problem-solving skills, which are an important requisite for leaders with managerial tasks, function based on certain cognitive processes, and are vital for ensuring the conduct of the effective and seamless conduct of activities with a common goal, in accordance with the scope and purpose of the relevant activity (8). In light of all this information, the aim of this study was to investigate certain variables pertaining to the communication and problem-solving skills of program supervisors assigned in youth camps. Methods The study was conducted based on a qualitative study method. In this context, a reliable and valid scale was used for determining the communication and problemsolving skills of the study participants, and the obtained data were analyzed and interpreted using the SPSS package software. The study group consisted of 103 program supervisor, including 45 females and 58 males, who were assigned at the youth camps of the Ministry of Youth and Sports during the 2015-2016 season. The European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 2 │ Issue 2 │ 2016 41 Mehmet Kartal, Cenk Temel EXAMINING THE COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF THE YOUTH CAMP PROGRAM SUPERVISORS study data were obtained from supervisors who took part in the Youth Camp Program Supervisors Orientation Meeting organized on March 12-15, 2016, by the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The data in question were collected by the researcher, and the study participants were informed about the scales before they were administered and completed. To determine the communication skills of the youth camp program supervisors, The Communication Skills Assessment Scale used CS“S developed by Korkut F. was , while the program supervisors’ problem-solving skills were determined using the developed by Heppner and C. H. The Problem-Solving Inventory Petersen , and adapted to Turkish by Şahin N., Şahin N. and Heppner addition, the Personal Information Form . In developed by the researcher was used to determine the socio-demographical characteristics of the individuals taking part in the study. To determine whether there was any significant differences in the communication and problem-solving skills of the program supervisors according to their age, gender, profession and the time/duration at office, the t test (the independent groups t test) was used to analyze the independent samples of the CSAS data exhibiting normal distribution, while the PSI data, which did not exhibit normal distribution was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The variation in CSAS data according to the variables of age, occupational status, and duration of assignment as program supervisor was analyzed using the One Way Analysis of Variance (Anova) for independent samples, while the PSI data were analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results In this section, the data analyzed within the scope of this study are shown in tables and interpreted accordingly. Table 1: Comparison of the Communication Skills of Program Supervisor according to their Gender Variable Gender Group N Female 45 107.13 7.70 Male 58 109.10 8.25 X SS T P 1.23 .219 Results in Table 1 indicate that the communication skills of the program supervisors did not vary significantly according to gender [t (103) = 1.23, p>0.05]. In the other words, European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 2 │ Issue 2 │ 2016 42 Mehmet Kartal, Cenk Temel EXAMINING THE COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF THE YOUTH CAMP PROGRAM SUPERVISORS the communication skills of the program supervisors were similar between two genders. Table 2: Comparison of the Problem-Solving Skills of Program Supervisors according to their Gender Variable Gender Group N SS Female 45 100.18 1.88 Male 58 101.78 2.65 X U P 1220.500 .574 Results in Table 2 indicate that the problem-solving skills of the program supervisors did not vary significantly according to gender [p = 0.574, p>0.05]. Table 3: Results of the One Way Analysis of Variance on the Communication Skills of the Program Supervisors according to the Age Groups Variable Group Age N x SS Source of Sum of Variance Squares 21-25 31 108.74 7.95 Inter-Group 26-30 50 107.96 8.37 31 and above 22 108.18 7.70 Sd Mean of F Squares 11.804 2 5.902 Intra-Groups 6581.128 100 65.811 Total 6592.932 102 P .090 .914 There were no significant inter-group differences in the communication skills of the program supervisors with respect to the age variable [F (2-100) = 0.090, p>0.05]. In the other words, for the program supervisors, different age groups were not associated with a change in communication skills. Table 4: Results of Kruskal-Wallis H Test concerning the Problem-Solving Skills N x 21-25 31 26-30 SS Sequence Average 97.74 1.31 46.16 50 103.02 2.64 54.51 31 and above 22 101.36 4.90 54.52 Variable Group Age Sd χ² P 2 1.696 .428 There were no significant inter-group differences in the problem-solving skills of the program supervisors with respect to the age variable [χ² (1.696) = 0.428, p>0.05]. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 2 │ Issue 2 │ 2016 43 Mehmet Kartal, Cenk Temel EXAMINING THE COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF THE YOUTH CAMP PROGRAM SUPERVISORS Table 5. Kruskal-Wallis H Test Results regarding the Problem-Solving Skills of the Program Supervisors with respect to the Occupational Status Variable Variable Group Student 28 Occupational Status x N SS Sequence Average 94.25 2.12 40.14 Public 63 104.49 2.41 57.24 Private 12 52.17 99.08 4.05 Sd χ² Significant P 2 6.355 .042* Difference Student<Public (*; p<0.05) Table 5 indicates seen that there was no significant differences between the problemsolving skills of the program supervisors according with respect to the occupational status variables [χ² (6.355) =0.042, p>0.05]. According to Mann-Whitney U test performed to determine the inter-group difference, the difference of 5.24 points between the mean PSI scores of program supervisors who work in public institutions and those who are students (with the mean score of program supervisors from public institutions being the lower mean value) was statistically significant. According to this result, the problem-solving skills of program supervisors who are the students was higher than those of program supervisors from a public institution background. Table 6: Results of the One Way Analysis of Variance on the Communication Skills of the Program Supervisors according to the Time at Office Variable Variable Group Time at Office N x SS Source of Sum of Variance Squares Sd 1-2 years (A) 30 109.66 8.23 Inter-Group 388.092 2 3-4 years (B) 24 104.75 7.54 Intra-Groups 6204.840 100 Total 102 5 and above (C) 49 109.08 7.81 6592.932 Mean of Squares F P LSD 194.046 62.048 3.127 .048 A>B C>B (*; p<0.05) Table 6 shows that there was no significant difference between the communication skills of the program supervisors with respect to the time at office variable [F (2-100) = 3.127, p>0.05]. It was determined that program supervisors who have worked for 1-2 years and for 5 or more years had mean communication skill scores of 4.91 and 4.33, respectively. These average scores were significantly higher than the mean communication skill score for program supervisors who had worked for 3-4 years. Dıscussıon and Conclusıon According to the study results, there was no significant difference between the communication and problem-solving skills of the program supervisors with respect to European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 2 │ Issue 2 │ 2016 44 Mehmet Kartal, Cenk Temel EXAMINING THE COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF THE YOUTH CAMP PROGRAM SUPERVISORS the gender variable. This result is in agreement with the finding of Dilekmen et al. , and Çiftçi and Taşkaya (2014), Baykara-Pehlivan , who also reported in their studies that communication skills do not vary significantly according to the gender variable. On the other hand, Koç et al. “şçı et al. , Gaskar and 5zyazıcıoğlu , have obtained results suggesting that women have higher communication skill scores than men. In addition to these studies, Karabacak et al. (2015), Karaca et al. (2013, and Temel and Ayan (2015) have obtained data indicating that the gender variable does not affect problem-solving skills. Based on the results of the statistical analysis for the age variable, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the communication and problem-solving skills of the program supervisors with respect to this variable. In their studies, 5r(c( and Kıvrak ), Tepeköylü et al. (2009) and Köroğlu (2006) also obtained data suggesting that the age variable has no effect on communication skills. On the other hand, Ulukan and Dalkiliç (2012) obtained data indicating that the age variable has an effect on communication skills, and that a change in the age factor is accompanied by a change in the mean communication skills score. Data from the studies of Güçlü (2003), Karaca et al. (2013) and Berkant and Eren (2013) suggests that the age variable does not affect problem-solving skills. However, Genç and Kalafat (2010) and Alver (2005) have obtained findings indicating that the age variables have an effect on problem-solving skills. The results of the statistical analysis on the occupational status variable showed that program supervisors who are students had higher problem-solving skills than program supervisors who work at public institutions. In their study, Temel and Ayan (2015) described that the participants had a mean PSI score of 101.70±14.89, which corresponds to a medium-level problem solving skills. Findings from the studies of Soyer and ”ilging and Yılmaz et al. were similar to the mean PSI score we determined for program supervisors who are students (94.25±2.12). “n analysis performed with respect to the program supervisors’ time at office showed a significant difference between the communication skill levels of the program supervisors. In the other hand, the problem-solving skill of the program supervisors did not vary significantly according to the time at office. In their studies, Kumcağız et al. (2011), Köroğlu and Şara and G(ney, 2015) obtained results indicating an increase in communication skills in parallel to the increase in the time at office (or in the profession). Although the communication skills of the program supervisors in our study were highest at 1-2 years and 5 years or more at office, a decrease was observed at 3-4 years at office. This is possibly due to the initial enthusiasm exhibited by the program supervisors in their first years, and the growing experience they have by the European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 2 │ Issue 2 │ 2016 45 Mehmet Kartal, Cenk Temel EXAMINING THE COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF THE YOUTH CAMP PROGRAM SUPERVISORS time they have been at office for 5 or more years, which results in higher communication scores during these periods. In addition, in their study evaluating the views of program supervisors about these youth camps, Temel et al. (2015) notes that the majority of the study participants described these camps as a experience. place for gaining “s these camp environments contribute to the personal skills of the program supervisors, the number of years spent in these camps (i.e. at office) can be considered as a reflection of the experience and knowledge gained by the program supervisors over the years. In conclusion, the study results demonstrated a decrease in the communication skills of program supervisors working at the Ministry of Youth and Sports during their 3rd and 4th years at office. In addition, it was also determined that program supervisors who are students exhibited higher problem solving skills than program supervisors working at public institutions. In addition, the study results revealed that the program supervisors generally had high level communication skills and moderate level problemsolving skills. References 1. Işık M, . İletişim ve etik, Konya, Eğitim Yayınevi, Turkey, pp 2. Mısırlı İ, . . Genel ve teknik iletişim kavramlar, ilkeler, uygulamalar, “nkara, Detay Yayıncılık, Turkey. 3. Göksel “”, Yurdakul N”, . Temel halkla ilişkiler bilgileri, th. edn. İzmir, Ege Üniversitesi ”asımevi, Turkey. 4. Tutar H, 5. T.C. . 5rg(tsel iletişim, nd edn. “nkara, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Turkey. Gençlik ve Spor ”akanlığı. 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Hemşirelerin İletişim -56. . Sınıf ve ”ranş 5ğretmenlerinin İletişim Becerileri D(zeylerinin Çeşitli Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi Eşme İlçesi 5rneği. ”artın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fak(ltesi Dergisi 5ğretmenliği Eğitimi Sempozyumu 34. Temel C, Namlı “, Doğaner S, ”alcı V, XIV. Uluslararası Katılımlı Sınıf –205. . Evaluation of the Youth Camps as a Common Living Space According to the Perception of the Participants. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences 6: 1-14. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 2 │ Issue 2 │ 2016 48 Mehmet Kartal, Cenk Temel EXAMINING THE COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF THE YOUTH CAMP PROGRAM SUPERVISORS Creative Commons licensing terms Authors will retain the copyright of their published articles agreeing that a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) terms will be applied to their work. 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