Introduction The coaching staff must adopt scientific methods in the development of optimal training programs, aiming at an adequate recovery for an enhanced performance level. The use of simple and low-cost methods has been studied lately. Among these methods, the use of Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Rating of Perceived Recovery (RPR) could be highlighted. To correlate the training load with the recovery level measured in the subsequent day during seven microcycles. Methods 19 under-16 soccer players had their training load and recovery level monitored during seven microcycles consisting of six training sessions each. The training load magnitude was determined by the RPE score times the total duration (minutes) of the training session. The RPE was collected 20-30 minutes after the training session using the CR10 Borg’s scale (1982) modified by Foster et al. (2001). The athletes’ pre-session recovery level was measured at the beginning of the session using the Rating of Per...

In our age, businesses are accepted as living organisms. Businesses that are aware of this change have begun to transition from a result-oriented work system to process management, closely following customer expectations in order to exist in the future as well. The largest expense that sports clubs incur involves transfer spending, because the most talented footballer, who would influence team success, is recruited from outside the club. Today, many sports clubs are incorporated and need to create their own economic resources that would not only ensure their survival but also their success and continuity. This resource can be achieved by means of the footballers who participate in the youth development programs conducted by the club' football academy. The standards of football are on the rise, and so are the expectations of all those involved, with qualified footballers demanding astronomical wages. Sport clubs need to increase their profits by using the resources that are being developed in their respective football academies. If a given footballer attains a high standard by performing well during training and making it to the first string team, the club has to save on the transfer budget. The aim of this study is to determine how club football schools and academies manage in accordance with process management within the system approach. This study incorporated the qualitative research method and case study technique. Data was collected with the help of the interview technique and examined using content analysis. In this research, it was found that youth development programs should be managed by employing three main processes: covering education in sports schools, practicing with competitor teams, and transitioning to professionalism. If these processes are applied across football academies, it would lead to the emergence of economically qualified footballers. Youth Development Programs, as a part of the system of process management within the framework of organizational structures of sports clubs, will prove to be an ideal form of structuring.

In the present paper we intend to give advance notice of the start of a research whose goal is to design of open source software tools that use natural interfaces (NUIS) to enable the manipulation, in order to encourage and improve, in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, the learning process of students presenting Educational Special Needs. The aim is the acquisition of early reading and writing skills, through the proposition of educational software that enables the involvement, in the teaching – learning process, of the body and movement such as elements for alternative access to knowledge (Sibilio, 2012)..Scientific literature highlighted as early reading and writing skills difficulties classified under learning disabilities are of biological nature, and are associated with information processing at visual and visuo-spatial level (Pavlidis, 1985), at hearing level (Tallal, 1991), at phonological level (Temple & Marshall, 1983)and metaphonological level (Lovett, 1992).These difficulties have not pathological nature but represent "an individual variant of development determining subject conditions that hinder acquiring and developing certain skills" (Stella, 2003).In individuals with Reading Disorder (which has also been called "dyslexia"), oral reading is characterized by distortions, substitutions, or omissions; both oral and silent reading are characterized by slowness and errors in comprehension. […] With early identification and intervention, the prognosis is good in a significant percentage of cases. […] Disorder of Written Expression is commonly found in combination with Reading Disorder or Mathematics Disorder. There is some evidence that language and perceptual motor deficits may accompany this disorder” (American Psychiatric, 1996).NUIS offer the ability to recover in a digital environment cognitive-motor methodologies and psychomotor activities with proven success in acquiring early reading and writing skills (Di Tore, 2012; Jeannot, 1973; Michelet, 1972; Neri, 2005) This research is a pilot study, whose methodology required:  The survey of the scientific literature on early reading and writing skills in primary school pupils with Special Educational Needs

Based on the theoretical analysis and the present findings of the research on psychological factors that contribute to the successful implementation, we have designed this research project in order to integrate the knowledge of the Five-Factor Personality Model (McCrae and Costa, 1992), which is the starting point for the Hypothetical model of success in team sports (Mlačić and associates, 2010), and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1986) and the locus of control (Rotter, 1971), which are important determinants of individual characteristics of sportsmen and their contribution to successful sport. Therefore, the aim of this research is to test the contribution of individual psychological features (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, self-efficiency, locus of control and length of football training as one of the experience traits), in explaining the success of football players. The research involved 165 football players from six football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the evaluation of the predictor variables it is used a questionnaire on general data of footballers; The NEO-PI R (Coste and McCrae, 1992) was used for the examination of Five Personality Factors, and the Scale of self-efficacy of footballers was used to examine self-efficiency in football (Šamija and Bosnar, 2010) while the Scale of externality was used to examine the locus of control (Bezinović, 1990). The assessment of the performance of footballers operating through the Scale for the assessment of technical-tactical and social competencies of football players- STTSKT (Šetić, Kolenović-Đapo, Talović, 2017) has conducted 14 trainers. In order to check the contribution of the predictor variables of individual psychological characteristics in predicting the individual success of footballers (STTSKT), we conducted a process of hierarchical multiple regression. According to logical and content characteristics, we have introduced the predicate variables into the two blocks; in the first block there is a personality trait of the Five-Factor model, and in the second block is self-efficacy, locus of control and experience. The individual characteristics of the dimension of the personality of the Five-Factor model explained 6.6% of the STTSKT variance, and after we included the perceived self-efficacy, locus of control and experience in the second step, the model explains 13.3% of the total variance. The model as a whole with both blocks of individual features is significant F (8.136) = 2.597, p <0.01. Of all predictive personality variables, only perceived self-efficacy significantly contributes to predicting success in football (β = 0.251; p <0.05). Key words: psychological traits, football, success

Abstract The aim of the paper is to verify the validity and reliability of Scale for measuring tactical and technical competences among football players - assessment of trainers (STTSKT). The research involved 165 players (N = 81 senior and 84 juniors) from seven junior teams and senior Premier League Bosnia and Herzegovina. The average age of the participants is 21.14 ± 4.91; The average age of the junior is 17.23 ± 0.49, while the average age of the senior is 25.15 ± 4.21. The analysis of the main components points to the existence of two factors which in total explain 68.874% of the variance of the specific competence skills of football players. According to the grouping of particles, the first factor was called the attack tactical-technical competence (NTTK); other one are defence tacticaltechnical competences (OTTK). The reliability of the instrument is determined by the coefficient of internal reliability. The obtained number of factors is not in accordance with the obtained factors on the Scale for assessment of tactical and technical competences among football players (STTSK), which was designed as a self-assessment of the competence of football players. Values of alpha reliability coefficients for the full scale and for subscales are high. The results point to the conclusion that the STTSKT scale possesses satisfactory metric characteristics, and that the trainers can use it as a measure of specific competencies among football players. Keywords: competencies, metric characteristics, football players.

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